History of Life on Earth

Question 1

Hadeon Eon - 2 formations

Answer 1

Earth and the moon formed

Question 2

Archaean Eon - 3 changes

Answer 2

-First prokaryotes (archaea, bacteria, and fermentation)
-First Cyanobacteria (photosynthesis)
-Oxygen increases in atmosphere due to cellular respiration, and leads to a mass extinction.

Question 3

Proterozoic Eon - 1 period and 1 change

Answer 3

-First Eukaryotes (Protista)
-Ediacaran Period: diversification of algae and soft-bodies invertebrates (animalia): first ponifera (sponges) and cnidaria (jellyfish)

Question 4

Phanerozoic Eon - 3 Eras

Answer 4

The Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, and Cenozoic Era.

Question 5

Paleozoic Era- 6 Periods

Answer 5

Cambrian Period, Ordovician Period, Silurian Period, Devonian Period, Carboniferous Period, and Permian Period

Question 6

Cambrian Period

Answer 6

Cambrian Explosion: Increased diversity of animal phyla
First Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
First Nematoda - Roundworms
First Mollusca - Mollusks
First Annelida - Segmented worms
First Arthropoda - Arthropods
First Echinodermata - Echinoderms
First Chordata - Chordates

Question 7

Ordovician Period

Answer 7

Colonization of the land (first fungi and non-vascular plants)

Question 8

Silurian Period

Answer 8

-Fish evolve jaws for biting
-First early vascular plants
-First land arthropods (millipedes and arachnids)

Question 9

Devonian Period

Answer 9

-Age of fish
i. First Chondrichythes - sharks
ii. First osteichthyes - bony fish
-On land
i. First insecta - inects
ii. First amphibia - amphibians
iii. First pteridophyta - true ferns

Question 10

Carboniferous Period

Answer 10

-Land
i. First Gymnosperms
1) coniferophyta - conifers
ii. First reptilia - reptiles

Question 11

Permian Period

Answer 11

-Pangea supercontinent
i. first cycadophyta - cycads
ii. First ginkgophyta - ginkgos
iii. Diversification of reptiles

Question 12

Mesozoic Era - 3 periods

Answer 12

1) Triassic Period
2) Jurassic Period
3) Cretaceous Period

Question 13

Triassic Period

Answer 13

-Archosaurs - ancient crocodiles
-Theropods - first (small) dinosaurs
-Mammalia - First Mammals

Question 14

Jurassic Period

Answer 14

-Dinosaurs are dominant
i. Sauropods - long necked herbivores
ii. Theropods are now large carnivores
-Pterosaurs: flying reptiles

Question 15

Cretaceous Period

Answer 15

-First Angiosperms: flowering plants
-First Aves: birds
-Mass extinction: rapid extinction of 50-90% of all species

Question 16

Cenozoic Era - 3 Periods

Answer 16

1) Paleogene Period
2) Neogene Period
3) Quaternary Period

Question 17

Paleogene Period

Answer 17

-Adaptive Radiation: diversification of organisms into many new species when new habitat niches open up
-Angiosperms, mammals, birds
-First Primata - Primates

Question 18

Neogene Period

Answer 18

-First Hominidae: earliest direct human ancestor
i. hominid apes
-appearance of bipedal human ancestors
i. australopithecus

Question 19

Quaternary Period 3 epochs

Answer 19

1) Pleistocene Epoch
2) Halocene Epoch
3) Anthropocene Epoch

Question 20

Pleistocene Epoch - Ice Age

Answer 20

-Origin of genus Homo
i. Homohabilis, homoerectus, and
homosapiens

Question 21

Halocene Epoch - Modern History

Answer 21

10,000 B.C.E - present

Question 22

Anthropocene Epoch - Human impact environment

Answer 22

-Unofficial, still being voted on if this is an epoch