History of Psychology

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

Structuralist. Father of Psychology. Studied the mind by breaking it down into its basic components

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Studied the mind by breaking it down to its basic components via introspection

Question 3

Functionalsim

Answer 3

Studied the functions of conciousness

Question 4

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 4

Stated that behavior is caused by inner, unconscious workings caused by unresolved conflicts from the past. States that humans do not have free will

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Psychodynamic methodology

Question 6

Psychodynamic beliefs

Answer 6

Humans have strong inborn sexual and aggressive drives.
Adult personality is largely determined by childhood experiences
Defense mechanisms help us cope with anxiety and trauma
Struggle between conflicting internal energies is ever-moving in nature, hence the term psychodynamic

Question 7

Behaviorist

Answer 7

States that behavior is caused by the external environment and that psychology should only study behavior because it is the only observable response.

Question 8

John Locke

Answer 8

Behaviorist. Believed in empiricism and that at brith the mind is a “tabula rasa” (blank slate) upon which experience is written.

Question 9

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 9

Behaviorist. Believed environment shapes behavior through association of events with each other.

Question 10

Edward Thorndike

Answer 10

Behaviorist. Said environment shapes behavior through consequences of actions

Question 11

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 11

Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences become more likely to recur

Question 12

John Watson

Answer 12

Behaviorist. Said only subject matter in psychology was observable behavior

Question 13

B. F. Skinner

Answer 13

Behaviorist. Invented operand conditioning

Question 14

B. F. Skinner Quote

Answer 14

“No account of what is happening inside the human body, no matter how complete, will explain the origins of human behavior”

Question 15

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 15

Behavior is caused by thought processes. Views human beings as information processors

Question 16

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 16

States that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Opposite of structuralism

Question 17

Humanist Perspective

Answer 17

Emphasizes free will (humans are not controlled by unconscious processes, nor do they merely react to the environment). States that humans have an innate tendency towards growth.

Question 18

Carl Rogers

Answer 18

Pioneered humanist movement

Question 19

Abraham Maslow

Answer 19

Humanist. Focused on self-actualization and needs heirarchy

Question 20

Division of Maslow’s’ Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 20

Growth needs and Deficiency needs

Question 21

Growth needs

Answer 21

• Self-actualization
• Aesthetic needs
• Cognitive needs

Question 22

Deficiency needs

Answer 22

• Esteem needs
• Belonginess and love needs
• Safety needs
• Physiological needs

Question 23

Impacts of humanist perspective

Answer 23

Pioneered research on psychotherapy and self-concept

Question 24

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 24

Behavior is cause by cultural environment

Question 25

Biological Perspective

Answer 25

Examines biological influence on behavior including brain, hormonal, genetic, and evolutionary processes

Question 26

Karl Lashey

Answer 26

Biological psychologist. Pioneered brain mapping

Question 27

Donald Hebb

Answer 27

Biological psychologist. Studied neurotransmitters

Question 28

Inventor of Classical Conditioning

Answer 28

Ivan Pavlov