Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory

Question 1

high power distance index

Answer 1

• accepts differences in power
• decisions made by people of high power
• shows high respect for rank and authority

Question 2

low power distance index

Answer 2

• encourages flat organisational structures
• participative management style
• fairer decision-making

Question 3

individualism

Answer 3

• emphasis lies on personal achievement and rights

Question 4

collectivism

Answer 4

• greater importance placed on the goals and well-being of the group
• often prioritise relationships and loyalty more than those in individualistic cultures

Question 5

high uncertainty avoidance

Answer 5

• most likely to avoid risks
• do not like change

Question 6

low uncertainty avoidance

Answer 6

• will embrace change and take risks
• still feel at ease in situations lacking structure

Question 7

masculinity

Answer 7

• includes the following characteristics: distinct gender roles, an appreciation of assertiveness, courage, strength, and competition

Question 8

femininity

Answer 8

• fluid gender roles, modest, nurturing, and concerned with the quality of life
• a country with a high femininity score will probably offer improved maternity benefits and more accessible childcare benefits

Question 9

long-term orientation

Answer 9

• prioritise future outcomes
• postponing immediate success for achievements over the long-term
• typical values: persistence, endurance, frugality, savings, sustained growth, and adaptability

Question 10

short-term orientation

Answer 10

• shows focus on near future
• involves delivering short-term success or gratification
• place stronger emphasis on the present than the future
• emphasises quick results and respect for tradition