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coasts > holders coast > Flashcards

holders coast Flashcards

1
Q

where is the holderness coast?

A

east riding

torkshire

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2
Q

where does the coast stretch till?

A

61 km

spurn head to flamborough head

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3
Q

what are most of the cliffs made out of?

A

till
boulder clay
glacial deposits

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4
Q

what is the coast line exposed to?

A

destructive waves from the north sea

north sea experiences a lot of storms

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5
Q

what are the coastal processes experienced here?

A

erosion
mass movement
transportation
deposition

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6
Q

how fast is the coast being eroded?

A

7-10 metres per year

one of the fastest eroding coasts in Europe

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7
Q

what kind of mass movement occurs here?

A

slumping and mud flows
due to the till being very weak
water acts as a lubricant

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8
Q

what kind of transportation occurs here?

A

material is being moved southwards due to the prevailing wind coming form the north sea
this has lead to the creation of spurn head which is a recurved spit

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9
Q

why is spurn head recurved?

A

as it lays at an estuary causing a change of direction

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10
Q

what landscapes are at flambourogh head?

A

it is made of chalk meaning that stacks caves and arches have been created through erosion rather than mass movement

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11
Q

what is an example of a beach?

A

the area south of flambourough head is much more sheltered due to wave refraction meaning that there have been pebble beach made such as the one at birddlingtion

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12
Q

where are slumps common here?

A

at atwick sands

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13
Q

what have been formed on the landward side of spurn head?

A

mudflats and salt marshes

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14
Q

how far has the coats retreated over 2000 years?

A

4 km

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15
Q

how many villages are thought to have been lost?

A

30

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16
Q

how close to the cliff edge is easing ton gas terminal?

A

25 metres

17
Q

how much farmland is lost each year?

A

80,000m2

18
Q

which village is at high risk?

A

skipsea

19
Q

how much of the coastline is protected by hard engineering?

A

11.4km

20
Q

what is bridlington protected by?

A

4.7 km sea wall and timber groins

21
Q

what was built in mappelton and when?

A

in 1991 it was decided that a 500m long resentment should be made in order to protect the village and the b1242 road
2 rock groynes

22
Q

what is the road at appleton?

A

b1242

23
Q

how much did the reventment ar mappleton cost?

A

2 million

24
Q

what is easington terminal protected by?

A

a reventment

25
Q

what soft engineering was used at mappleton?

A

vegetation was planeted

26
Q

what was a negative impact of the Mappleton management?

A

terminal groyne syndrome occurred in the fact that south of the beaches were not being dead meaning they were starved, erosion increased here

27
Q

which farm was at risk due to engineering?

A

crowded farm

28
Q

why is the risk of flooding in the humber estuary occurring?

A

recution in ediment made through erosion mean that tidal flats are not being created

29
Q

why are bays being formed

A

as there are areas in between villages in which are not being protected meaning more erosion is occurring here

30
Q

why are bays being formed

A

as there are areas in between villages in which are not being protected meaning more erosion is occurring here
which cannot be protected as it is too expensive

31
Q

what does the SMP for the holderness coast recommend in the next 50 years?

A

that they hold the line for bridlington
do nothing in areas of low population
unpopular with land owners

32
Q

what has been suggested about managed realignment?

A

moving caravan parks away from at risk areas

however must compensate businesses

33
Q

what is the problem with the defences at easing ton?

A

they are only span 1 km protecting the gas terminal but not the population of easing ton which is around 700

coasts (14 decks)

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