homeostasis

Question 1

name the differentiating factors of someone’s diet.

Answer 1

• age and gender
• level of activity
• whether they are vegetarians or vegans
• food allergies

Question 2

what are the different food types?

Answer 2

water, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, fibre

Question 3

what are essential amino acids?

Answer 3

amino acids obtained from the diet.

Question 4

what are carbohydrates stored in?

Answer 4

stored in the liver as glycogen.

Question 5

where is fat stored?

Answer 5

around organs and under the skin.

Question 6

what are proteins made of?

Answer 6

long chains of amino acids.

Question 7

what is homeostasis?

Answer 7

the different factors in the body that need to be kept constant. for example, water content, temperature, sugar levels, and mineral content.

Question 8

what do mechanisms useful for homeostasis involve?

Answer 8

hormones

Question 9

what is negative feedback?

Answer 9

homeostasis control mechanism - when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction.

Question 10

what detect a change in the body?

Answer 10

receptors

Question 11

explain the homeostasis order.

Answer 11

• hormones are chemical messengers that are carried in the blood stream.
• negative feedback occurs.
• receptors in the body detect change.
• these are then processed in the body.
• then effectors bring about a response that reverses the change so the normal level is restored

Question 12

name the hormone that regulates the level of glucose in the blood.

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

explain the process of insulin.

Answer 13

• insulin is made in the pancreas.
• when glucose levels are too high, insulin is released.
• the insulin acts on the liver causing it to convert excess glucose into glycogen for storage.

Question 14

what two things happen when blood sugar levels get too high or low?

Answer 14

• it it gets too low then cells will not have enough to use for respiration.
• if it is too high then it may start to pass out of the body in the urine.

Question 15

what is type 1 and 2 diabetes?

Answer 15

type 1 - generic disorder because the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin. it is treated with regular insulin injections and careful diet monitoring.

type 2 - caused by cells of the body failing to respond to insulin and is controlled by making sure that the person does not eat too many carbohydrates in one meal.

Question 16

what is glucagon?

Answer 16

glucagon is a hormone that causes glycogen to be stored in the liver and converted back to glucose.

Question 17

what is glycogen?

Answer 17

a stored form of glucose in the liver and muscles.

Question 18

what is insulin?

Answer 18

a hormone to control your body’s blood sugar level, made in the pancreas and released to act on the liver.

Question 19

what is the base body temperature?

Answer 19

37 degrees C.

Question 20

when we feel hot we need to lose heat, how does the body do this?

Answer 20

sweating - water evaporates from the skin and absorbs heat energy.

sending more blood to the skin - so heat is lost by radiation.

Question 21

when we feel too cold we are in danger of losing heat and cooling down. how do we conserve out heat?

Answer 21

shivering - rapid contraction and relaxation of body muscles. increases the range of respiration.

sending less blood to the skin - so the blood is diverted deeper within the body to conserve heat.

sweating less