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Biology 3rd form > Homeostasis, endocrine system, nervous system > Flashcards

Homeostasis, endocrine system, nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

Regulation of the internal condition of an organism to maintain optimum conditions for enzymes to work properly

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2
Q

What is an effector

A

Muscles or glands that bring out responses

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3
Q

What is cordination Centre

A

Receives processes information and coordinates responses

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4
Q

What is a stimulus

A

Change in the environment

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5
Q

What is a receptor

A

Detects change in the environment

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6
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central nerve system

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7
Q

What are the two main parts of a nervous system

A

A series of nerves and the CNS

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8
Q

How is the information sent in the nervous system

A

As an electrical impulse

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9
Q

What does an electrical impulse pass through

A

The sensory receptor along the sensory neuron to the CNS then passes along a relay neuron in the spinal cord and straight back down along a motor neuron from that the impulse arrives in the sector organ usually a muscle and brings about a contraction we call this a reflex arc

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10
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

One in electrical impulse passes from the sensory receptor along the sensory neuron to the CNS then pass it along a relay neuron usually found in the spinal cord and straight back down along and motor neuron from there the impulse arrives at an affecter on organ usually a muscle and brings about a contraction

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11
Q

Why is it so important that the impulses do not go to the conscious brain

A

Because the brain does not process these reflexes quick enough

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12
Q

What is the function of a sensory neuron

A

Carries the electrical impulses from the receptor and passes through cells called neurons to the CNS

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13
Q

What is the function of a motor neuron

A

Carries electrical impulses from the CNS to the effector

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14
Q

What is the function of a relay neuron

A

It carries the electrical pulse from the sensory nerve cell to the motor nerve of cell

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15
Q

How does an electrical impulse passes through a gap between two neurons

A

An electrical impulse arrives hits the sacs containing chemicals chemicals go through to the receptor they attach to the receptor a new electrical impulses generated a new one is passed through

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16
Q

Examples of homeostasis

A

Controlling blood glucose
Controlling body temp
Controlling water levels

17
Q

What is the negative feedback loop

A

Stimulus
Sensor
Control
Effector

18
Q

What is the body temp regulation loop

A

Body temp exceeds 37^c
Nerve cells in skin and brain
Temp regulatory centre in brain
Sweet glands throughout body

19
Q

What is the control system

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Coordination
Efrector
Response

20
Q

What are the parts of a nerve cell

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon

21
Q

What are the three different types of neurones and there functions

A

Sensory neurone: carries nerve impulses from receptor to coordinator
Relay neurone: carries nerve impulses in coordinator
Motor neurone: carries nerve impulses from coordinator to effector

22
Q

What are the parts of the synapses

A

Synaptic cleft
Vesicles contains neurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Postsynaptic membrane
Neurotransmitter receptor molecules

23
Q

What can drugs do to neurotransmitter

A

Can bind to them triggering impulses in different regions of the brain

24
Q

What can frequent drug use lead to

A

Leads to overstimulating of neurones, leading to loss of function or overstimulation of different regions of the body

25
Q

What is the synaptic transmition

A

1) an impulse arrives at the end of the presynaptic neurone
2) vesicles move toward and fuse with the presynaptic membrane this releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
3) the neurotransmitter diffuse across the synaptic cleft (down a concentration gradient)
4) neurotransmitter attach to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
5) this triggers an impulse which travels along the postsynaptic neurone
6) the neurotransmitter are recycled or destroyed once an impulse is sent

26
Q

What is reflex action

A

Does not involve consciousness so brain is not involved
Awareness of response having happened occurs after response has been carrried out these actions help to minimise damage to body

27
Q

Apart from receiving nerve impulses via the nervous system how else can the effector be notified of what to do

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Coordinator
Effector
Response

28
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

It is composed of glands which secrete hormones into the blood, blood carries the hormones to the effector to produce a response

29
Q

What are the differences between endocrine system and nervous system

A

Hormones have a slower effect in the endocrine system as the nerve impulses have a quicker effect in the nervous system
Hormones act for longer in endocrine system in nervous system the nerve impulses act for shorter

30
Q

What glands are in the endocrine system and what hormones do they produce

A

Thyroid gland- thyroxine
Pituitary gland- FSH,LH
Pancreas- insulin glucose
Adrenal- Adrenalin
Testes-testosterone
Ovaries- oestrogen

31
Q

What is the master gland in the endocrine system and how does it work

A

The pituitary gland in the brain secretes hormones into blood to stimulate other hormones to be released from other glands. Example, pituitary gland secretes, TSH, which stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine

32
Q

Four stages of the menstrual cycle

A

Uterine lining breaks down menstruation occurs
Uterine lining thickens again
Ovulation occurs
Uterine lining continues to thicken

33
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

34
Q

What are the four hormones in the menstrual cycle

A

FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone

35
Q

What is synaptic transmission

A

An impulse arrives at the end of the presynaptic neuron vesical move towards and fuse was the presynaptic membrane. This releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft the neurotransmitter diffuse across the synaptic cleft neurotransmitter attached are receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, the neurotransmitter are recycled or destroyed once an impulse is sent

36
Q

What does synapse mean

A

Where 2 nerve cells meet

37
Q

What do vesicles contain

A

Neurotransmitter

Biology 3rd form (6 decks)

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