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Haemostatis > Homeostatis > Flashcards

Homeostatis Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostatis control

A 
Stimulus-change
receptors-detect
afferent-input
cns-control centre
efferent-output
response-homeostatic control

THE MAINTENANCE OF A RELATIVELY STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTSEM

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2
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Reinforces change

platelets

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3
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Resists change

temperature

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4
Q

Autoregulation-intrinsic

A

Localised Tissue

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5
Q

Extrinsic

A

Nervous system- specific rapid response

Endocrine (hormones)- widespread long lasting slow response

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6
Q

Complications

A

infection/injury/abnormality which effects are so severe that homeostatic mechanism cant compensate for them

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7
Q

Newborn

A 
vulnerable to significant changes in homeostasis due to immaturity of the :
immune system
renal function
endocrine system
thermoregulation

Don’t possess all the necessary antibodies, lymphacytes, memory cells, muscle bulk, subcutaneous fat.

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8
Q

Ageing

A

Degeneration over regeneration
less responsive to hormones
decreased efficiency of heart and circulatory system
loss of neurones and neurotransmittors

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9
Q

Calcium

A

found in bone, blood and extracellular fluid
critical for muscle and nerve function
regulated by endocrine system

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10
Q

Hormones controlling calcium

A 
calcitriol
growth hormone
thyroxine
sex hormones
parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
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11
Q

increase blood calcium levels

A

Low calcium plasma levels

decteded by parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)

PTH:
Bone response- osteoclasts stimulation to breakdowm stored calcium ions from bone to blood
Intestinal response- rate of of intestinal absorption increases
Kidney reponse- retain calcium ions- calcium conserved decrease calcium loss in urine

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12
Q

decrease blood calcium levels

A

High calcium plasma levels
Parafollicular cells in the throyoid glands secrete calcitonin
calcitoin:
Bone response- osteoclasts inhibition, osteoblasts build bone calcium is stored in bone matrix
Intestinal Response- rate of of intestinal absorption decreases- calcium absorbed slowly
Kidney response- allow calcium loss- excrection- increase calcium in urine

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13
Q

Osteoporosis

A

insufficent calcium intake- hypercalcaemia- stimulating PTH release and osteoclast activity
sex hormones deficiency- increase osteoclast activity
vitamin C deficiency- reduced calcitirol activity- absorbs calcium from digestive tract
Inactivity- bone remodelling increasing osteoclast activity
Smoking-tobacco toxin to osteoblast
Illness- endocrine disorders, medication

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14
Q

Management

A

weight bearing
muscle strength and balance
lifestyle
diet

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15
Q

Blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

  • heart rate
  • stroke volume
  • resistance to flow
  • blood volume
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16
Q

neural regulation to reduce BP

A

Increase in BP
Baroreceptor stimulated
cardioaccelerotary centres inhibited and cardioinhibitory centres stimulated decreasing cardiac output
vasomotor centres inhibited vasodilation occurs
BP decreases

17
Q

neural regulation to increase BP

A

Decrease in BP
Baroreceptor inhibited
cardioaccelerotary centres stimulated and cardioinhibitory centres inhibited increasing cardiac output
vasomotor centres stimulated vasoconstriction occurs
BP increases

18
Q

Hormonal Regulation to decrease Bp

A

high bp detected in right atrium artrial natriuetic peptide released from right atrium

  • increase in sodium and water content of urine and reduced thirst to decrease blood volume
  • blockage of hormone that increase blood pressure
  • vasodilation

Blood pressure decreases

19
Q

Hormonal Regulation to increase Bp

A

Renin release leads to anglotens in II activation

  • antidiuretic hormone which increases cardio output, vasoconstriction and blood volume
  • aldesterone secretion which increase blood volume
  • thirst stimulation and increased sodium reabsorption-increases blood volume

Erythropoletin releases increases RBC formation increasing blood volume

Blood pressure increases

20
Q

Why do older people have a slower reaction to change in blood pressure?

A 
impaired baroreceptor
impaired renin release
decreased vessel compliance
impaired neural control- loss of neurones and neurotransmittors
tendancy of volume depletion
decreased thirst mechanism 
decreased renal capacity
21
Q

Symptons of low blood pressure

A 
Dizziness
fainting 
lack of concentration
blurred vision
nausea
fatigue
cold and clammy skin
rapid shallow breathing
22
Q

physiotherapy interventaion of hy

A 
Weightbearing exercises to prevent osteoporosis and immobility
Prevention of fractures 
Ensure adequate hydration
Quality of life measures
Strength/ROM
Patient and Family Education
recognition of signs and symptoms

Haemostatis (1 decks)

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