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From Flashcardlet > Honors Biology Ecology Unit > Flashcards

Honors Biology Ecology Unit Flashcards

0
Q

___ percent of the sun’s energy is used by living things

A

Les than 1

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1
Q

A _ is a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

A

Population

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2
Q

_ use sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates by the process of _

A

Autotrophs, photosynthesis

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3
Q

A _ is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communties

A

Biome

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4
Q

,,& _ are the 3 types of autotrophs that do photosynthesis

A

Algae, Plants, and Cytobacteria

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5
Q

__ perform chemosynthesis which uses __ to produce carbohydrates

A

Sulfur bacteria, chemical energy

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6
Q

Heterotrophs obtain energy by eating plants (producers)

A

Herbivores

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7
Q

A __ is an organism’s postion in the ecosystem

A

Tropic level

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8
Q

About _ of engergy is transfered from one tropic level to the next in an ecosystem

A

10%

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9
Q

The _ and _ pyramids do not necessrially have th be shaped like a pyramid

A

Pyramid of numbers, biomass

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10
Q

_ is lost as it flows through an ecosystem while _ is transformed, recycled and reused

A

Energy, matter

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11
Q

_, _, _,and _ are the elements that make up 95% of most organisms

A

Phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, water

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12
Q

_ obtain energy by eating plants and animals

A

Omnivores

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13
Q

_ factors are living things things that can affect an organism in its environment

A

Biootic

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14
Q

_ is symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship

A

Mutualism

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15
Q

_ are organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms

A

Consumers

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16
Q

__ is the rate at which organic matter is created by producers

A

Primary producers

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17
Q

The ___ states that not 2 organisms can occupy the same _ at the same time

A

Competitive exclusion property, niche

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18
Q

A _ is an organism that hunts kills and consumes another organism

A

Predator

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19
Q

_ obtain their energy by eating animals

A

Carnivores

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20
Q

A _ is he area that an organism lives

A

Habitat

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21
Q

A _ is any relationship in which 2 organisms live closely with one another

A

Symbiosis

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22
Q

_ and _ are decomposes throat obtain their energy by breaking down __

A

Detritovores, decomposers, organic matter

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23
Q

_ is when a new ecosystem forms and the first species to populate the area is called the _

A

Primary succession, pioneer species

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24
Q

A_ is the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions

A

Niche

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25
Q

_ obtain energy by feeding on plant animal remains (detritus)

A

Detritovores

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26
Q

When one organism benifits while harming the other organism

A

Parasitism

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27
Q

The restoration of an ecosystem after a natural event such as fire, or human event like farming

A

Secondary succession

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28
Q

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under conditions that differ from their optimal conditions

A

Tolerance

29
Q

The largest number of organisms that a give environment can support

A

Carrying capacity

30
Q

Limits a population when the population density of an organism reaches a certain level, for example _

A

Limiting factors, competition

31
Q

Any relationship in which 1 organism benefits and the other is neither harmed not helped

A

Commensalism

32
Q

The area where sunlight can penetrate the water and is about __ deep

A

Photic zone, 200 meters

33
Q

A type of tree that looses its leaves

A

Deciduous

34
Q

The matrial formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter that makes soil fertile

A

Humus

35
Q

Flowing water ecosystems are _

A

rivers, streams, and creeks

36
Q

3 factors that affect a population’s size

A

Number of births, deaths, individuals

37
Q

Differentiate between exponential growth and logistic growth

A

Logistic reaches the carrying capacity

38
Q

Differentiate between density-dependent limiting factors and density-independent limiting factors and give examples of each

A

Density-dependent limiting factors depend on population size (competition, predation, biotic factors) density-independent limiting factors depend on abiotic factors (human activities, natural disasters, unusual weather)

39
Q

Explain how biotic and abortive factors influence the ecosystem

A

Biotic: predators, competition, symbiosis, disease

40
Q

3 types of community interactions that can affect an ecosystem

A

Competition, predation, symbiosis

41
Q

Competition

A

Occurs when organisms attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time

42
Q

Predation

A

An interaction in which one organism captures & feeds on another organism

43
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship in which 2 species live closely together

44
Q

3 types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

45
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species benefit from the relationship

46
Q

Commensalism

A

One member of the association benefits & the other is neither harmed not helped

47
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism lives in or inside another organism and harms it

48
Q

What is the deference between primary succession and secondary succession

A

Primary succession occurs where there is no soil, secondary succession is the recovery of an environment after a natural disaster

49
Q

Ecological succession

A

The series of predictable changes that occurs in an ecosystem over time

50
Q

Ecosystems are consantly changing in response to _

A

Natural and human disturbances

51
Q

Primary succession

A

Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists

52
Q

Secondary succession

A

Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil

53
Q

Pioneer species

A

The 1st species to populate the area (mostly lichen)

54
Q

Lichen

A

Made up of fungus and algae (as they grow they break up rock and then when they die they add organic material to the soil)

55
Q

What determines an organism’s niche

A

Where it lives, what it eats, what eats it, how it reproduces, its job

56
Q

What factor is absent in the aphotic zone

A

Sunlight

57
Q

What are the main factors that govern aquatic ecosystems

A

Depth, flow, temperature, chemistry of outlying waters

58
Q

What are the 2 types of freshwater ecosystems

A

Flowing water and standing water

59
Q

What are the characteristics of the different marine zones

A

Methods used for studying ecology

60
Q

Methods used for studying ecology

A

Observing, experimenting, and modling

61
Q

Observing

A

Looking at the are studied and ask questions about what they want to see

62
Q

Experimenting

A

Can be an artificial lab setting

63
Q

Where does the energy for life processes come from

A

The sun

64
Q

What are the two main forms of energy that power livin systems

A

Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

65
Q

Differentiate between an autotroph and a heterotroph

A

An autotroph uses the sun to make food and and a heterotroph consumes other organisms for food

66
Q

Differineate between a carnivore, omnivore, herbavore, detritovore, and a decomposer

A

Eats: meat, plant and meat, plants, dead matter, organic matter

67
Q

Describe the proportion of energy that is transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem any why his energy transfer is so inefficient

A

10% of the energy moves to the next trophic level, it looses 90% of it’s energy as heat

68
Q

How does matter move through the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem

A

Energy ➡ plants ➡ consumers ➡ soil ➡ plants

69
Q

How is the productivity measured in an ecosystem

A

The number of producers (too much or too little)

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