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Biology Paper 2 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

plant and animal

1
Q

what are hormones

A

a chemical that acts as a messenger in the body, it activates changes in the body

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2
Q

what is tropism

A

a plant response to a stimulus

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3
Q

what is a stimulus

A

a change in the environment

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4
Q

what is a positive tropism

A

when a plant grows towards the stimulus

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5
Q

what are the 2 tropisms and explain each

A

phototropism - growing up towards light
gravitropism - growing downwards towards the pull of gravity

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6
Q

what is the hormone that creates tropism and what are its effects

A

auxins - cause plant cells to grown or not grow and change direction

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7
Q

how do auxins make plants grow in different directions

A

different levels of auxin will be given to different parts of the plant and elongate different lengths

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8
Q

what are the 3 plant hormones

A

auxins
gibberellins
ethene

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9
Q

what does the gibberellins hormone do

A

stimulates germinates of seeds

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10
Q

how are gibberellins used commercially

A

can be used in products to increase crop production and yield

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11
Q

how are weedkillers made using plant hormones

A

contain auxins, that will get absorbed by the wide-leafed weeds causing them to grow too quickly and die

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12
Q

why are tomatoes transported before they are ripe

A

it will still be quite hard so it will be less likely to be damaged

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13
Q

what hormone is used to ripen fruits

A

ethene

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14
Q

compare hormones and nerves

A

hormones have long-lived effects while nerve effects are over quickly
nerve impulses work quicker while hormones take longer to work

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15
Q

what do you call a gland that produces a hormone

A

endocrine gland

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16
Q

what are 7 glands that release hormones

A

hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
adrenal
testis
ovaries

17
Q

what are the 2 hormones that the hypothalamus produce

A

TRH and CRH

18
Q

what are the 4 hormones produced by the pituitary gland

A

TSH
ADH
FSH
LH

19
Q

what hormone is produced in the thyroids gland

A

thyroxine

19
Q

what 2 hormones are produced by the pancreas

A

insulin
glucogen

19
Q

what hormone does the testi secrete

A

testosterone

20
Q

what 2 hormones are produced by the ovaries

A

oestrogen and progesterone

21
Q

what are the target organs of TRH and CRH

A

pituitary gland

22
Q

what are the target organs of TSH

A

thyroid gland

23
Q

what are the target organs of ADH

A

kidney

24
Q

what are the target organs of FSH and LH

A

ovaries

25
Q

what are the target organs of insulin and glucogen

A

liver, muscle and adipose tissue

26
Q

what are the target organs of Adrenaline

A

heart, liver skin

27
Q

what hormone does the adrenal gland secrete

A

adrenalin

28
Q

what is the target organ of progesterone

A

uterus

29
Q

what is the target organ for Oestrogen

A

ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland

30
Q

what is the target organ for testosterone

A

male reproductive organs

31
Q

what is negative feedback in terms of thyroxine

A

when the conc of thyroxine in the blood is too low, this stimulates a corrective response where the hypothalamus secretes more TRH which causes the pituitary gland to produce more TSH which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more thyroxine. however, if the thyroxine conc Is too high, this will inhibit TRH production to prevent further thyroxine from being produced

32
Q

what are the effects of adrenalin

A

increases heart rate
constricts some blood to make higher pressure
dilates other blood vessels to increase blood flow to muscles
converts to glycogen to glucose

33
Q

what is the purpose of thyroxine

A

the hormone that controls metabolic rate, this is the rate at which cells respire

Biology Paper 2 (15 decks)

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