Hormones and Receptors

Question 1

Identify the major endocrine glands.

Answer 1

Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Placenta
Testes

Question 2

What is meant by the term ‘endocrine’?

Answer 2

Ductless glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards a distant target organ.

Question 3

What is meant by the term ‘hormone’?

Answer 3

a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour

Question 4

What is meant by the term ‘paracrine’?

Answer 4

Hormones bind to and effect NEARBY cells

Question 5

What is meant by the term ‘autocrine’?

Answer 5

Hormones bind to receptors on and affect the function of the cell type that produced it

Question 6

List the chemical classes of hormones.

Answer 6

Peptides and glycoproteins
Amines (tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives)
Steroids

Question 7

Name examples of peptide hormones

Answer 7

.Insulin

Oxytocin

Question 8

Name steroid hormones

Answer 8

cortisol

testosterone

Question 9

Name amine hormones. (tyrosine derivatives)

Answer 9

Thyroid hormones
Adrenaline
Melatonin

Question 10

How are amines and peptide hormones released into the bloodstream

Answer 10

Calcium dependent exocytosis

Question 11

Which hormones are synthesised and secreted upon demand?

Answer 11

Steroids

Question 12

How are steroids transported in the blood?

Answer 12

the are hydrophobic and so are transported in plasma bound to plasma proteins

Question 13

How are peptides and amines transported in the blood?

Answer 13

hydrophilic- transported free in plasma

Question 14

What is the function of carrier proteins?

Answer 14

to increase the amount of hormone transported in the blood and to prevent rapid excretion by preventing filtration at the kidney

Question 15

Name three specific carriers.

Answer 15

cortisol binding globulin
thyroxine binding globulin
sex steroid binding globulin

Question 16

Name two general carrier proteins.

Answer 16

Albumin

Transthyretin

Question 17

Name three ways by which hormone levels are controlled.

Answer 17

Negative Feedback
Neuroendocrine
Diurinal

Question 18

Name the two cell surface hormone receptors.

Answer 18

G coupled protein receptors

Receptor kinases

Question 19

Name the intracellular hormone receptor.

Answer 19

Nuclear receptors

Question 20

Give examples of substances that are signalled by G protein coupled receptors

Answer 20

Adrenaline
Glucagon
Melatonin
Angiotensin II

Question 21

Name an example of a hormone that is signalled by receptor kinases

Answer 21

Insulin

Question 22

What hormones are signalled intracellularly by nuclear receptors

Answer 22

Steroids i.e. HYDROPHOBIC molecules

Question 23

What are class I nuclear receptors?

Answer 23

activated by steroid hormones- in the absence of steroid they are found in the cytoplasm bound to HSP

Question 24

What are class II nuclear receptors?

Answer 24

bind lipids and are found in the nucleus

Question 25

What hormone are hybrid nuclear receptors activated by

Answer 25

Thyroid hormone