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Endocrine- Pituitary > Hormones and Receptors > Flashcards

Hormones and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main hormone subtypes?

A

Proteins/peptides, tyrosine derivatives and steroids

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2
Q

What is the most diverse group of hormones?

A

Proteins/peptides

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3
Q

What are three examples of peptide hormones?

A

Insulin, GH, prolactin

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4
Q

What are steroid hormones derived from?

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

What are two examples of steroid hormones?

A

Cortisol and testosterone

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6
Q

Give three examples of tyrosine derivative hormones?

A

Adrenaline, thyroid hormones, melatonin

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7
Q

Where are GPCRs bound?

A

Cell membrane

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8
Q

How many parts make up a GPCR?

A

7 transmembrane domain

G protein complex

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9
Q

What is the main examples of the regulatory signalling molecule which gets activated when a ligand binds to a GPCR?

A

cAMP

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10
Q

GPCRs are the main sensors of what?

A

The internal environment

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11
Q

What type of hormone receptor do both prolactin and GH have?

A

Cytokine receptor

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12
Q

Where are steroid hormone receptors found?

A

Intracellularly, either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus

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13
Q

What type of hormone receptor do oestrogen and androgens use?

A

Nuclear steroid hormone receptors

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14
Q

What does the steroid/receptor complex bind to?

A

DNA response element

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15
Q

What happens when the steroid/receptor complex binds to a DNA response element?

A

A change in gene transcription

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16
Q

What receptors do corticosteroids bind to?

A

Glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm

17
Q

What happens once a corticosteroid has bound to its receptor in the cytoplasm?

A

The steroid/receptor complex is translocated to the nucleus where the transcription of target genes is activated

18
Q

What molecule do many of the transcribed genes of glucocorticoid action contain which brings about their anti-inflammatory actions?

A

Glucocorticoid response elements

Endocrine- Pituitary (5 decks)

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