Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Hormones And The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Hormones And The Endocrine System Flashcards

0
Q

The secretion of hormones A causes a change in the amount of protein X in an organism. If this mechanisms works by positive feedback, which of the following statements represents that fact?

A

An increase in A produces an increase in X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

A

They are used to communicate between different organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is true about hormone regulation?

A

Hormones regulate cellular functions, and generally negative feedback regulates hormones levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do nitric oxide it and epinephrine have in common?

A

They both function as neurotransmitters; they both function as hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Substance X is secreted by one cell, travels a short distance through interstitial fluid, and produces an effect in a cell immediately adjacent to the original secreting cell. All of the following terms could be described as the substance except

A

Pheromone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is a local regulator responsible for activating enzyme that relaxes smooth muscle cells?

A

Nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose basic structure is derived from

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following examples is incorrectly paired with its class?

A

Prostaglandin – peptide hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the motive action of aspirin and ibuprofen?

A

They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A cell that contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively buying two it’s plasma membrane is called a(n)

A

Target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Only certain cells in the body are target cells for the steroid hormone aldosterone. Which of the following is the best explanation for why these are the only cells that respond to this hormone?

A

Only target cells contain receptors for aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is it that some body cells respond differently to the same peptide hormones?

A

A target cells response is determined by the product of a signal transduction pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

A

They travel through a dedicated pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect

A

They are produced only by organs called endocrine organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following does not represent a chemical signal?

A

A movement of signal from one end of the nerve to the other end of the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hormone X produces its effect and its target cells via the cAMP second messenger system. Which of the following will produce the greatest effect in the cell

A

A molecule of X applied to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

A

Steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins, whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already present in this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones that promote homeostasis is incorrect?

A

This response feeds back to promote the release of more hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following are not part of the homeostasis promotion or maintenance?

A

A hormone is involved in a positive feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When an individual is subject to short term starvation, most available food is used to provide energy or metabolism rather than building blocks or growth and repair. Which hormone would be particularly active in times of food shortage?

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Based on their effects, which pair below could be considered antagonistic?

A

Prostaglandin F and nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The endocrine system in the nervous system are structurally related. Which of the following cells best illustrates this relationship

A

A neurosecretary cell in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of

A

Releasing hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Short blood vessels connect two capillary beds lying in which of the following

A

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the ______ and stored in the _____.

A

Hypothalamus; Nerohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If a person drinks a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from water toxicity. ADH can help prevent water retention through interaction with target cells in the

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect?

A

It secretes trophic hormones that act directly on the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby

A

Oxytocin and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which of the following have non-trophic affects only?

A

MSH

29
Q

The star of a recent movie was a Catapillar that never matured into an adult. It simply got larger with each molt. What is the possible reason why the Catapillar did not mature into an adult?

A

Increased level of juvenile hormone

30
Q

Sympathetic versions of which of the following hormones are being used as insecticides to prevent insects from maturing into reproducing adults?

A

Juvenile hormone

31
Q

Iodine is added to commercially – prepared table salt to help prevent deficiencies of this essential mineral. Which gland(s) require iodine to function properly?

A

Thyroid

32
Q

Trophic hormones from the anterior pertuitary directly affect the release of which of the following?

A

Thyroxine

33
Q

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

A

An undersecretion of thyroxine

34
Q

Which of the following endocrine disorders is not correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?

A

Goiter and adrenal Medulla

35
Q

Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is incorrect?

A

The pathathyroids regulate metabolic rate

36
Q

Which of the following is an endocrine gland

A

Parathyroid gland

37
Q

Which hormone exerts antagonistic action to PTH (parathyroid hormone)?

A

Calcitonin

38
Q

Which of the following glands shows both endocrine and exocrine activity

A

Pancreas

39
Q

All of the following are steroid hormones except

A

Insulin

40
Q

Blood samples taken from an individual who have been fasting for 24 hours would have which of the following

A

Hi levels of glucagon and the low levels of insulin

41
Q

What happens when beta cells of the pancreas releases insulin into the blood

A

Body cells take up more glucose

42
Q

Which of the following endocrine structures are derived from nervous tissue

A

Posterior pituitary and the Adrenal medulla

43
Q

The endocrine system and the nervous system are chemically related. Which of the following substances best illustrates this relationship

A

Norepinephrine

44
Q

Which of the following are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine

A

Epinephrine, Catecholamines, and thyroxine

45
Q

Which of the following glands is controlled directly by the hypothalamus or central nervous system but not the anterior pituitary

A

Adrenal medulla

46
Q

If the adrenal cortex were removed, which group of hormones would be most affected?

A

Steroid

47
Q

Which of the following statements about the adrenal gland is correct?

A

During stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal Medulla

48
Q

Which of the following hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and promotes the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances

A

Glucocorticoids

49
Q

Graph. The results most likely occurred because pro estrogen exerts an effect on the

A

Maintenance of the uterus

50
Q

Melatonin has been found to participate in all of the following except

A

Calcium disposition in bone

51
Q

Which combination of Glandon hormone would be linked to winter hibernation in the spring reproduction and bears

A

Pineal glands, melatonin

52
Q

Which of the following is a steroid hormone that triggers molting in anthropology

A

Ecsysone

53
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas

A

Glucagon

54
Q

Which of the following stimulates and maintains metabolic process

A

Thyroxin

55
Q

Which of the following stimulates the concentration of uterine muscle

A

Oxytocin

56
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone

57
Q

Which of the following endocrine structures is not controlled by a trophic hormone from the anterior pituitary

A

Pancreatic islet cells

58
Q

Testosterone is an example of

A

An androgen

59
Q

Estradiol is an example of

A

An estrogen

60
Q

Which of the following is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

61
Q

Epinephrine is an example of

A

A catechecolamine

62
Q

Which of the following is not an accurate statement

A

Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function

63
Q

A distinctive feature in the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and steroids hormones is that

A

These hormones bind to receptors inside cells

64
Q

Growth factors are local regulators that

A

Are proteins that bind to cell– Surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells

65
Q

Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action

A

Insulin – stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex

66
Q

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

A

Insulin and glucagon and glucose metabolism

67
Q

Which of the following is most likely explanation for a hypothyroidism and a patient whose iodine level is normal

A

Hyposecretion of TSH

68
Q

The main target organs for tropic hormones are

A

Endocrine glands

69
Q

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdyson and PTTH

A

Is an example of the interaction between the endocrine and nervous systems

Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions