How Are Carbohydrates Converted into Usable Energy?

Question 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

Molecule that provides energy for our bodies.

Question 2

What are the byproducts of breaking down glucose?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

Metabolic pathways

Answer 3

Linked chemical reactions that happen in cells to complete a process.

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

The breakdown of glucose. Glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule results in 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP molecules, and 2 NADH+ molecules.

Question 5

Pyruvate

Answer 5

Product of glycolysis that is a key reactant in further processes. A three carbon molecule.

Question 6

Pyruvate Oxidation

Answer 6

1 Pyruvate molecule and Coenzyme A is converted into carbon dioxide and Acetyl-CoA. An NADH+ molecule is also produced.

Question 7

The Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 7

1 Acetyl CoA molecule enters the cycle, which produces 2 carbon dioxide molecules, 1 water molecule, 1 ATP, 3 NADH+ molecules, and 1 FADH2+ molecule.

Question 8

Oxidative Phosporylation

Answer 8

Process where bulk of ATP is produced.

Question 9

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 9

Accepts electrons from NADH and FADH2, which are converted into increasingly more stable molecules in a stepwise fashion. Each step releases energy, which is used by protein complexes for proton pumping, creating a proton gradient.

Question 10

ATP synthase

Answer 10

Protons pass through a channel via concentration gradient, spinning ATP synthase and enabling it to create ATP.