HTN Flashcards
What is the definition of HTN?
a condition where the arterial blood vessel have persistently raised pressure
What are the risks of developing HTN?
obesity age Fix smoking afro-carribean alcohol lack of exercise sleep deprivation
What are the conditions causing HTN?
kidney disease (RAS) diabetic nephropathy pyelonephritis lupus hyperthyroidism
What medications can causes HTN?
COCP
NSAIDS
steroids
How is high BP diagnosed?
incidental findings - an elevated BP >140 systolic
ABPM - patient wear sphygmomanometer for 24 hours - average of 14 readings from when patient would be awake
HBPM - patient records own BP at home for a few days - average of morning and evening readings
What is grade 1 hypertension?
140-159/90-99
What is grade 2 hypertension?
160-179/100-109
What is grade 3 hypertension?
> 180/>110
What is primary HTN?
has no identifiable cause - 90% of cases
What is secondary HTN?
has a known underlying cause (10%)
What is white coat hypertension?
BP is unusually raised when meeting clinicians
When should antihypertensive medications be offered?
Less than 80 years with stage 1 HTN with any of the following: target organ damage, established cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, and/or a 10 year cardiovascular risk of 20% or more
Any age - stage 2 HTN
What medication should be started in those people who are under 55 and not afro-carribbean ethnic origin?
ACE I
or low cost angiotensin II receptor antagonist is recommended
What medication should be started in those people who are over 55 and afro-carribbean ethnic origin?
Calcium-channel blocker
give low dose thiazide type diuretic if evidence of heart failure/oedema/drug intolerance
What is the second line of treatment in managing HTN?
ACEI and CCB
