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Human Biology > Human Biology > Flashcards

Human Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth cavity

A
  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion or starch
  • forms bolus
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2
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • produces salivary amylase
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3
Q

Oesophagus

A

Carries food to the stomach through peristalsis

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4
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile to emulsify lipids

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5
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile

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6
Q

Stomach

A 
Mechanical digestion on (chyme)
Chemical digestion (protease)
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7
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces protease, lipase and amylase

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8
Q

Assending/ transverse, descending colon

A

Absorbs, water, minerals and vitamins

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9
Q

Small intestine

A

Begins with the duodenum and secretes amylase, protease and lipase for digestion

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10
Q

Appendix

A

Vestigial organ

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11
Q

Rectum

A

Site for feces formation

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12
Q

Anal sphincter

A

Voluntary muscle that releases Faeces

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13
Q

Amylase

A

Break down of carbohydrates into monosaccharides

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14
Q

Protease

A

Breakdown of proteins to amino acids

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15
Q

Lipase

A

Breakdown of fatty acids and glycerol

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16
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts, biological meaning and cataclyst acceleration or reaction rates they are specific meaning that only certain chemicals can bond with them these are called substrates

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17
Q

Conditions that affect enzyme reactions

A

Temperature: lower than optimum temperatures causes reaction rates to slow, higher temp causes enzymes to denature this is where the enzymes physical shape is altered therefore it can no Ionger accept substrates

18
Q

Conditions that affect enzyme reaction

A

pH level: higher or lower pH levels cause enzyme to denature

19
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Filters, moistens and warms air

20
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

21
Q

Epiglottis

A

Muscular flap that closes when swallowing

22
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box and vocal chords

23
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe lined with mucus and cilia

24
Q

Bronchus

A

2 division or the trachea

25
Q

Inspiration intercostal muscle

A

In and out

26
Q

Expiration intercostal muscle

A

Down and in

27
Q

Inspiration diaphragm

A

Down

28
Q

Expiration diaphragm

A

Up

29
Q

Features that assist lung function

A

Large surface area: allows for faster gas exchange due to the structure and number of alveoli

30
Q

Features that assist lung function

A

Moist: lining moist allows diffusion to occur

31
Q

Features that assist lung function

A

Highly vascular: alveoli in the lungs are well supplied with blood from the capillaries

32
Q

Features that assist lung function

A

Thin walls: lining of the alveoli thin allowing for faster diffusion

33
Q

Features that assist lung function

A

Difference in pressure

Maintenance or gas pressure

34
Q

Digestion

A

The process in which proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are broken down into smaller substances for absorption into the blood consists of mechanical and chemical digestion

35
Q

Arteries

A

Carries blood away from the heart to the lungs

Located in small instestine

36
Q

Capillaries

A

Carries blood to cells in the body

37
Q

Veins

A

Carries blood back into the heart from the lungs

Located in large intestines

38
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Returns excess fluid to the body by acting as a one way drainage system

39
Q

Transportation of oxygen

A

Oxygen and haemoglobin combine to create an oxyhemoglobin compound they combine when there is a high concentration of oxygen (near lungs) and at low oxygen concentration (capillaries) the oxyhaemoglobin breaks down into its components

40
Q

What percentage is dissolved in plasma

A

3% of oxygen is dissolved in plasma 97% of oxygen forms into oxyhaemoglobin
HbO2

41
Q

Transportation of carbon dioxide

A

Carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin (22%) 8% is dissolved in blood plasma while the remaining 77% is converted into bicarbonate molecules (HCO3) carbon dioxide fuses with water to form carbonic acids that can be broken down

Human Biology (1 decks)

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