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Anatomy For azusa > Human Body / Orientation > Flashcards

Human Body / Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

Concerns a function of the body how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye such as the heart longs and kidney

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3
Q

Greek means of anatomy

A

To cut apart

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Where all the structures in a particular region of the body or studied

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5
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Where body structures or study by system for example the cardiovascular system

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6
Q

Gross anatomy’s subdivision

A

Surface anatomy

which is the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

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8
Q

Subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology which is it considers the cells of the body and

histology which is the study of tissues

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9
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Changes of the body throughout the lifespan

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10
Q

Subdivision of developmental anatomy

A

Embryology

Changes that occur before birth

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11
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Changes caused by disease

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12
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

Structures visualize by x-ray

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13
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

Chemical level

cellular level

tissue level

organ level

organ system level

and organism level

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14
Q

Anatomy

A

Studies the structure of body parts and the relations to another

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15
Q

How are organelles made

A

Molecules associate specific ways to form organelles

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16
Q

When atoms combine went to the form

A

Molecules

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17
Q

The simplest living creatures are

A

Single cells

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18
Q

Tissues

A

Similar cells that have a common function

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19
Q

Four basic tissue types

A

Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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20
Q

Epithelium covers?

A

Body surface and lines its cavities

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21
Q

Muscle provides?

A

Movement

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22
Q

Connective tissue supports?

A

Supports and protects body organs

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23
Q

Nervous tissue provides?

A

Means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses

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24
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle cells ability to move by shortening

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25
Q

Responsiveness or excitability

A

The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them

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26
Q

Digestion

A

Breaking down food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

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27
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions that occur within the body’s cells

Breaking down substances into simple building blocks (Catabolism)

Anabolism- synthesizing complex cellular structures from simpler substances but requires energy

Oxygen and nutrients create ATP via cellular respiration

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28
Q

What covers the body , protects deeper tissues from injury , synthesizes vitamin D , houses pain and pressure receptors and sweat glands and also oil glands

A

Integumentary system

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29
Q

What protects and supports body organs and provides a framework for muscles, forms blood cells and stores minerals?

A

Skeletal system

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30
Q

What picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood. disposes to debris in the lymphatics stream and houses white blood cells?

A

Lymphatic system

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31
Q

What eliminates nitrogenous waste regulates water electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood?

A

Urinary system

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32
Q

What process removes waste

A

Excretion

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33
Q

Carbohydrates are essential for what?

A

Major energy fuel for body cells

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34
Q

What is essential for building cell structures?

A

Proteins and fats

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35
Q

What provides reserve energy ?

A

Fats

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36
Q

What happens when the body temperature drops below 98.6

A

Metabolic reactions become slower and slower until they stop

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37
Q

If body temperature is too high what happens?

A

Chemical reactions occur in a frantic pace,

the body proteins lose their characteristic shape and and stop functioning

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38
Q

What are the five survival needs?

A 
Nutrients 
Water 
Oxygen 
Normal body temperature 
Atmospheric pressure
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39
Q

Wisdom of the Body means what?

A

Homeostasis

40
Q

Homeostasis

A

Ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite outside conditions

41
Q

Communication within the body is accomplished by what two things

A

Neural electrical impulses and blood-borne hormones which act as information carriers

42
Q

What is a receptor

A

Acts as a sensor that monitors environment in response to changes called stimuli

43
Q

How does a receptor respond to stimuli?

A

Send information to the second component the control center input from the receptor photos to control center by the afferent pathway

44
Q

The set point in homeostasis is controlled by?

A

Control center

45
Q

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are what type of feedback?

A

Negative feedback

46
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms do what?

A

Enhances the original stimulus so that response is accelerated

47
Q

What is the anatomical position

A

The position with the body is direct with its feet slightly apart in the standing position with the homes face forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

48
Q

Directional Terms

A

Explains where one body structure is in relation to another

49
Q

Anterior is also known as

A

Ventral

50
Q

Posterior is also known as

A

Dorsal

51
Q

Regional terms

A

Designate specific areas within these major body divisions

52
Q

Sagittal plane is a ?

A

Vertical plane dividing body into left and right parts

53
Q

If the sagittal plane lies directly in the midline it is called a?

A

Median plane or mid sagittal

54
Q

All other sagittal planes offset from the midline are called?

A

Para sagittal

Para means near

55
Q

Frontal planes

A

Lie vertically

Divide body into anterior and posterior

56
Q

Frontal plane is also called?

A

Coronal plane

57
Q

Transverse or horizontal plane runs?

A

From right to left

Dividing body into superior and inferior

58
Q

Transverse section is also called

A

A cross-section

59
Q

The body is said to have two cavities what are they?

A

Dorsal and ventral

60
Q

What is inside the dorsal body cavity

A

Protect the nervous system organ’s but has two subdivisions

There are two subdivisions the cranial cavity which includes the school and in cases of rain and the vertebral or spinal cavity which runs within the bony for the great columns encloses a spinal cord

61
Q

The ventral body cavity Has two subdivisions what are they?

A

The thoracic cavity in the abdominopelvic cavity

62
Q

Viscera

A

Organs in the body cavity

63
Q

With motor vehicle accidents what region of the body is most susceptible to injury? Why

Abdominopelvis organs

A

because the walls of the abdomen cavity or form only by trunk muscles and not reinforced by bone

64
Q

The part of the membrane lining the Cavity walls called?

A

Parietal serosa

65
Q

The walls the body cavity in the outer surfaces of the organs are covered with what type of membrane

A

Serous membrane

66
Q

The nine abdominal quadrants

A

Right hypochondriac epigastric region region left hypochondriac

Right lumbar umbilical region left lumbar

Right iliac hypogastric left iliac

67
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head or upper part of structure

68
Q

Inferior or caudal

A

Away from the head

69
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

Near front of body

70
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

Nearer to the back of the body

71
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On same side of midline

72
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite of the midline of body

73
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of limb, the trunk or structure

74
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment

75
Q

Lateral

A

Structure is farther away from the midline of body compared to another

76
Q

Medial

A

That a body part is closer to the midline compared to another

77
Q

Intermediate

A

Part part of interest lies between a more medial and more lateral structure

Between two structures like collar bone is between shoulder and sternum

78
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

79
Q

Axillary

A

Arm pit

80
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

81
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

82
Q

Patellar

A

Front of knee

83
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

84
Q

Mental / mental

A

Chin

85
Q

Brachial

A

Upper arm

86
Q

Antebrachial

A

Lower arm

87
Q

Crural

A

Leg

88
Q

Umbilical

A

Belly

89
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

90
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

91
Q

Sural

A

Calf

92
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

93
Q

Olecranol

A

Back of elbow

94
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

95
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

Anatomy For azusa (2 decks)

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