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Psychology- Aproaches > Humanistic Aproach > Flashcards

Humanistic Aproach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic assumptions of the humanistic approach?

A
  1. Every individual is unique
  2. We are have free will
  3. People should be viewed holistically
  4. Scientific methods are not appropriate to measure behaviour
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2
Q

Why does the humanistic approach believe everyone is unique? And what type of theory is this?

A
  • believes we are all different and should be treated accordingly.
  • doesn’t generalise groups as there is a difference in each group.
  • it is an idiographic theory as everyone is thought as individuals.
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3
Q

What is free will? And what does the approach consider?

A
  • everyone is responsible for there behaviour and progression in life.
  • however it understands there is rules, laws and morals that prevent some of the free will expressed.
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4
Q

Why does the approach believe people should be seen holistically?

A
  • if only focused on one aspect we could miss the problem. Therefore believe humans should be seen holistically.
  • doesn’t just consider childhood but considers all of the life lived.
  • focuses on all problems and not just each individual ones, in order not to miss the problem.
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5
Q

What is the humanistic approach unscientific?

A
  • believes science is too objective and humans behave and think subjectively.
  • believes scientific measurements of approaches miss out the subjective aspect to humans. And doesn’t think they are valid.
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6
Q

What is the positive of believing in free will?

A
  • allows legal systems to place blame on people as it was their choice so people can be put in prison.

✅ socio - political impact

  • keeps criminals off the streets.
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7
Q

What is self actualisation? And who came up with the idea?

A
  • innate drive to reach their potential.
  • developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
  • everyone reaches self - actualisation differently = unique
  • feeling of satisfaction and completeness once self actualisation is met.
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8
Q

What is the focus?

A
  • theory of the ‘flow’
  • when someone is solely focused on one particular thing and everyday matters are not very important
  • increases performance in what ever you are in the flow with.
  • more likely to reach feeling of self- actualisation.
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9
Q

How does the attitude help reach self- actualisation?

A
  • positive attitude means reaching self actualisation is more attainable.
  • negative attitude prevents personal growth.

I.e blaming your self for the breakdown in relationship. Lowers confidence and hinders the chances of developing a new relationship.

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10
Q

How was stages are there in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? And what are they?

A
  • 5 needs
    1. Physiological needs
    2. Safety needs
    3. Belonging and love needs
    4. Self - esteem needs
    5. Self -actualisation
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11
Q

What are the key concepts with the hierarchy of needs?

A
  • if one need isn’t met all the rest can’t be met either and self - actualisation won’t be met.
  • innate drive is the motivator to progress through the needs.
  • self - actualisation is permanent. The 5 stages have to remain at all times to reach self -actualisation.
  • if tired or hungry you temporarily will not have met the 5 needs.
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12
Q

What is the focus on the self? And who was it developed by?

A
  • Carl Rogers
  • focuses on the self rather than the selves
  • we have three selves that need to work together in order to reach self- actualisation.
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13
Q

What are the three selves?

A
  1. Self - concept
  2. The ideal self
  3. The real self
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14
Q

What is the self- concept?

A
  • the self you FEEL you are - how your self esteem is feeling.
  • I.e having a low self esteem could lead to a distorted view on what you are capable of.
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15
Q

What is the ideal - self?

A
  • what you WISH you could be.
  • where you aim to be.
  • not who you actually are.
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16
Q

What is the real self? And what is the problem with this concept?

A
  • who you ACTUALLY are.
  • it is difficult to demonstrate the real self as it is a subjective matter.
  • people since each individual person differently so it is hard to create a reflective judgement.
17
Q

What was Carl Rogers idea on congruence? And what is congruence?

A
  • congruence is the idea that the self - concept and the real- self needed to be the same or very Similar in order to reach self - actualisation.
  • you must be congruent to reach self - actualisation.
18
Q

What is the problem with congruence?

A
  • it is very difficult to achieve so many people never realise their potential and reach self - actualisation.
19
Q

What is another factor that must occur to become congruent?

A
  • the person must feel unconditional positive regard.
  • this is found when someone loves you no matter what. With no effort needed.
  • normally found from family members, friends, partners.
  • this must happen to reach full potential
20
Q

What does the condition of worth do to prevent reaching self - actualisation?

A

Conditions of worth are feelings people feel they need to meet in order to be loved by someone.

  • this is called conditional positive regard.

I.e a child feels they will only be loved if they get good grades at school.

  • if the child feels like this = no unconditional positive regard they will find it even harder to reach self - actualisation.
21
Q

What type of therapy did Carl Rogers develop? And what did it consist of?

A
  • client cantered therapy.
  • he believed the relationship between the client and therapist was key.
  • believed that if the client felt very comfortable and accepted, there was more chance they would be totally honest. (Unconditional positive regard).
  • this means that barriers preventing the person reaching their potential will more Likely be overcome. And become congruent.
22
Q

What research was done to prove that client centred therapy worked?

A

Elliot (2002)

  • meta - analysis of 86 studies.
  • found improvements in clients.
23
Q

Think of 4 evaluative points?

2 good

2 bad

A

✅ practical applications- Carl Rogers focus on the self developed client centred therapy to develop congruence from unconditional positive regard from the therapist. (Elliot)

❌ unscientific - all subjective, there is no scale/measurement to group behaviour. No objective methods

✅ +❌ holistic - considers environmental affects in behaviour and not just specific stages in life like childhood. However it is reductionist as it doesn’t look into things in must detail so it could be too general.

Psychology- Aproaches (2 decks)

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