Humanities Test 1 Term 1

Question 1

What is erosion?

Answer 1

The movement that carries soil, rock or dissolved material from one location to the other.

Question 2

What are destructive waves?

Answer 2

Destructive waves are created by Big, strong waves when the wind is strong. These waves tend to remove material from the coast (such as rock). Then erosion takes place.

Question 3

What is transportation?

Answer 3

When waves move on an angle and carry different material with them. They go on an angle up a beach and move different cediments of sand or rock (etc) and these materials move.

Question 4

What is longshore drift?

Answer 4

Similar but different to transportation - the combined effect of continually repeating swash and backwash is to transport material along the coast.

Question 5

What is deposition?

Answer 5

When the sea loses energy, it drops its load of sand, rock particles and pebbles that it has been carrying due to waves in shallow or windy areas.

Question 6

What are constructive waves?

Answer 6

Constructive waves are a coastal feature. They are the opposite of destructive waves. They have less energy. Instead of eroding they deposit material. This is how a beach is created.

Question 7

What is a training wall?

Answer 7

Similar to a Seawall, but instead of being a wall at the back of the beach, it goes out like a groyn. It’s usually at a river mouth to protect boats. It’s made out of concrete.

Question 8

How is an arch created?

Answer 8

When a cave is formed in a headland, the crashing waves break down the rock and form an arch.

Question 9

How is a cave created?

Answer 9

When waves force their way into cracks. These cracks eventually become bigger and bigger, forming an ‘arch-shaped’ area inside rock.

Question 10

Explain a stack.

Answer 10

A stack is related to an arch and a cave. It’s when the arch is so tall that it collapses and it leaves a headland and a stack.

Question 11

What is a spit?

Answer 11

Created by deposition, an extended stretch of beach material that’s projected out of the sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.

Question 12

What is a headland?

Answer 12

The stretch out of rock before an arch/cave is formed.

Question 13

Explain a tombolos.

Answer 13

A stretch of beach material that connects the island to the mainland.

Question 14

Explain a lagoon.

Answer 14

An enclosed water area with salt water (land surrounding it) also a coral lagoon.

Question 15

Identify the meanings of pros and cons?

Answer 15

Pros = benefits, cons = difficulties

Question 16

What is the different between swash and backwash?

Answer 16

Swash is the wave that is coming towards land and backwash is the smaller ‘wash’ going back into sea after ‘being on land’ the swash is more powerful than the backwash.

Question 17

S.P.I.C.E.S.S?

Answer 17

Space 
Place
Interconnection 
Change
Economic 
Scale 
Sustainability

Question 18

Explain a groyn.

Answer 18

Groynes are low walls made of timber that go out to sea from the beach to stop erosion taking place.

Question 19

Explain beach reshaping

Answer 19

Beach reshaping (known as longshore drift) is when erosion and wind dumps the sand.

Question 20

Explain the cons of hard management strategies?

Answer 20

• often expensive
• tend to be short-term solutions
• greater environmental impact

Question 21

Explain the pros in soft management strategies?

Answer 21

• often less expensive
• usually more long term and more sustainable
• less environmental impact

Question 22

What is Beach nourishment?

Answer 22

Replacement of sand/pebbles on eroding beach land.

Question 23

Explain beach reshaping.

Answer 23

Sand dunes and cliffs are a natural sea defence.they are stabilised by growing grass making the sand and rocks stay together.

Question 24

Explain groynes.

Answer 24

Wooden/concrete barriers but on a right angle to regent longshore drift.

Question 25

Explain a sea wall

Answer 25

Vertical/sloping structures built along the (back of the beach) shore lines to attempt to stop erosion.

Question 26

Explain rock armour (rip rap)

Answer 26

(Also know. As rip rap) when (Big and heavy) rocks are put in front of sea walls in attempt to stop erosion, etc. usually a better source than sea walls.

Question 27

Explain breakwaters.

Answer 27

Artificial offshore structure protection
Artificial lagoon
Also like a harbour

Question 28

What are slums?

Answer 28

A place where poor people live in countries of poverty.
People live on the streets
Cheap housing
Lack of hygiene, safety, space, health and clean water
Cheap housing and more work opportunities
Hard for people who live in slums to get out of the system
Usually around Africa and Mexico, etc