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History > HW Test > Flashcards

HW Test Flashcards

1
Q

Odysseus

A

main character of the Odyssey, is brave and valiant and married to Penelope

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2
Q

Penelope

A

Odysseus’s wife

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3
Q

Achilles

A

mightiest warrior in Greece
invulnerable except for heel
demigod

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4
Q

Agammemnon

A

noted king of the Myceneans, started war over his brother’s wife

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5
Q

King Minos

A

Minoans named after him

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6
Q

Minoans

A

first civilized group in the Greek world
named by a British archaeologist after King Minos
thrived on Crete between 1750-1400
developed extensive trade relations with Egypt and Mesopotamia

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7
Q

Dorians

A

Northern invaders
barbaric group of people
settled into Southern Greece
1100-800 BC
step backward for Greek civilization
forgot the art of writing and other skills
strong emphasis on oral tradition/communication

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8
Q

Mycenaeans

A 
first Greek speaking people in history
dominated Aegean from 1400-1200 BC
adopted writing from Minoans
lived in separate city-states
each city-state has a king
lived in large walled fortress complexes
gathered wealth and material goods
noted king: Agamemnon
best known for the Trojan War
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9
Q

Heinrich Schlieman

A

found evidence of fire and war from about 1250 BC in what was Troy

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10
Q

Darius I

A

was angered by Athens and demanded gifts of “earth and water” from all the Greek C-S

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11
Q

Xerxes

A

Darius’s son

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12
Q

Pheidippides

A

the Greeks send him to tell Athens of the victory
he sprinted 26.2 miles to Athens
“rejoice we conquer” - then died

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13
Q

Cleistenes

A

followed the Peisistratids
made government more accessible
created “Council of 500”
chosen by lot
prepared laws
made assembly a legislature
all male citizens 30+
debated laws
not a perfect system
only male citizens could participate
citizenship was restricted/limited
tens of thousands of slaves (no political rights)
slave labor allowed citizens to work in assembly
however, Athens gave people more say than anywhere else

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14
Q

Solon

A

“father of democracy”
appointed archon in 594 BC
outlawed debt slavery
more high offices to citizens
expanded citizenship
assembly got more say
archon: chief official - free hand to reform
Solon’s reforms were not immediately effective
wealthy landowners held onto power
citizenship remained limited
unrest/discontent led to rise of tyrants
tyrants - people gaining power by force

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15
Q

Palace of Knossos

A

where Minoan ruler lived

contained royal family rooms, banquet halls, working areas, religious shrines and frescoes

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16
Q

Iliad

A

the story of Achilles during the Trojan War

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17
Q

Odyssey

A

the story of Odysseus and his trip home from Troy

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18
Q

polis

A

city

19
Q

acropolis

A

high city

20
Q

Growing Up Spartan

A

~ as a child - began preparing for the military
~ all sickly children were abandoned
~ everyone in Sparta needed to be healthy
~ at 7, boys moved to barracks (until 30)
~ coarse diet, hard exercise, rigid discipline
~ at 20, allowed to marry
~ at 30, took place in assembly

21
Q

Growing Up Athenian

A 
if affordable, boys attended school
learned:
reading
writing
music
poetry
oration
military training
athletics
22
Q

Greek City-States

A

unlike other civilizations, the Greeks formed separate city-states instead of an empire

23
Q

Monarchy

A

government with a king/queen holds central power

C-S were originally controlled by separate kings - like Agamemnon

24
Q

Aristocracy

A

central power lies in the landholding elite

power shifted from kings to those who were defending them

25
Q

OIigarchy

A 
small powerful elite business class controls power
as trade expanded, the business class rose and challenged landholding elite for power/control
26
Q

Democracy

A

“government by the people”

27
Q

Phalanx

A

iron weapons - replaced bronze
iron was cheaper - more accessible to middle class
armies grew with more foot soldiers
rectangular military formation that requires hours of drills and formations
gives the lower classes more status

28
Q

helot

A

state-owned slave

29
Q

Women in Athens

A

no share in public life
“imperfect beings without ability to reason”
lived very routine home lives
spun/wove
reared children
slaves/children brought food and fetched water
made food

30
Q

Women in Sparta

A

required to be healthy
told to exercise/strengthen bodies
obey fathers/husbands
had rights to property

31
Q

Panhellenism

A

Greece united together

32
Q

tyrants

A

people gaining power by force

33
Q

Delian League

A 
Athens slowly creates an empire
Athens wanted to take over Milos
Milos is neutral, doesn't want conflict
Athens attacks
Milonians fought, defeated, and enslaved
34
Q

Pelopponesian League

A

Created by Sparta

35
Q

Trojan War

A

1250 BC
sparked by Troy (in modern-day Turkey) vs. Mycenae rivalry
Troy controlled vital straits connecting seas
Greek legend claims different spark
-Paris (Prince of Troy)
-Helen (Mycenaean)
-Menelaus (Mycenaean, married to Helen)
-Paris kidnaps Helen
-Agamemnon (Menelaus’s brother), king
-Agamemnon starts a war over Helen, Menelaus’s wife
after 10 years, the Mycenaeans seized Troy and destroyed it
scholars thought the war was legend
1870, Heinrich Schliemann found evidence of fire and war from about 1250 BC in what was Troy

36
Q

Persian Wars

A

Greece vs. Persia
In 499 BC - the Persians controlled C-S of Ionia rebelled
Athens sent ships to help Ionia
The Ionians lost, but Persian King Darius I was angered by Athens
In 492 BC - Darius I demanded gifts of “earth and water” from all the Greek C-S
earth and water: symbols of submission
Most C-S obeyed, except Athens and Sparta
Instead:
the Athenians threw the messenger into a well
the Spartans threw the messenger into a pit
“to collect their own ‘earth and water’”

490 BC
Persian forces landed in Marathon (just north of Athens)
no C-S would help Athens
Pheidippides
430 BC
Xerxes (Darius’ son) set out to conquer Greece, Athens, Sparta and other C-S joined together in response

37
Q

Battle of Marathon

A

Athens was outnumbered
lacked horses and archers
forced Persia to retreat b/c of “furious assault”

38
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

300 Spartans met the massive Persian army at Thermopylae (narrow mountain pass
After 3 days and 20,000 Persian deaths - Xerxes’ army pushed towards Athens
The Persians burned Athens
no Athenians were there
The Greeks then lured the Persian navy towards the Strait of Salamis
The Greeks attacked and sunk the Persian ships while Xerxes helplessly watched
The Greeks would then defeat the Persians in Asia Minor (Turkey) which halted the Persian offensive
results:
increased Greek sense of uniqueness
Athens became the most powerful C-S
Delian League created (alliance between C-S)

39
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

after the Greeks win the Persian War : the idea of Panhellenism is created
Panhellenism: Greece united together
Hellenes =”The Greeks” in Greek

40
Q

Phase 1 of Peloponnesian War

A

Sparta attacked Athens
Pericles told everyone to move inside city walls
plague spreads - kills 1/3 (& Pericles)
Athens carries out naval raids
Phase 1 ends with a peace treaty

41
Q

Phase 2 of Peloponnesian War

A 
no big direct battles
war is costly for both sides
Spartans surrender at one point
Athenian democracy is overthrown
Phase 2 ends with a Spartan-Persian alliance
42
Q

Phase 3 of Peloponnesian War

A

Athens is blockaded from trading
starves out Athenians
Sparta captures Athens
Athens surrenders

43
Q

Homer

A

Dorian poet
recited epics (Iliad and Odyssey)
lived around 750 BC
blind

History (5 decks)

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