Hypertension Flashcards
How many australians have HTN
6 million
Brief overview of the factors that contribute to HTN development
Social Determinants:
- Globalisation
- Urbanisation
- Ageing
- Income
Behavioural:
- Unhealthy diet
- Tobacco use
- Physical inactivity
- Harmful use of alcohol
Metabolic:
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Hyperlipidaemia
CVD
- Heart attacks
- Strokes
- HF
- Kidney disease
What is blood pressure?
The pressure exerted on the artery walls by circulating blood
What are some symptoms of high blood pressure?
Anxiety
Tension
Headaches
Palpitations
Nose bleeds
Haemorrhages
Heart problems
SOB
What are some consequences of high BP?
- Haemorrhagic stroke
- Dementia
- Occlusion of blood vessels
- Ischaemic stroke
- LV hypertrophy
- Kidney failure
- Anaeurysm
What are some tips for getting an accurate BP reading?
- Cuff on bare arm
- Support arm at heart level
- No talking
- Empty bladder
- Back support
- Legs uncrossed
- Support feet
When should you do ambulatory BP monitoring?
White coat syndrome
Suspected nocturnal HTN
HTN despite appropriate treatment
Titrating anti-hypertensive therapy
In pregnancy
What is mild HTN?
140-159
What is moderate HTN?
160-179
What is severe HTN?
180 up
What are some lifestyle modifications for HTN management?
Weight reduction
Healthy diet: low saturated fats
Dietary salt restriction
Physical activity
Only moderate alcohol consumption
What are some drugs that influence BP?
NSAIDs
Sympathomimetics (decongestants)
Stimulants
Oestrogen
HRT
Corticosteroids
Clozapine
SNRI e.g. venlafaxine
MAOIs
What are some secondary causes of HTN?
Cushing syndrome
Phaeochromocytoma
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Coarctation of aorta
Renal artery disease e.g. fibromuscular dysplasia
What is the pharmacological management of HTN?
ABCD approach
- ACEI or ARB
- With Ca Channel Blocker
- With thiazide diuretic
- With Bblocker - B-blocker
- Calcium channel blocker
- Diuretic: thiazide diuretics
What are some new developments in HTN treatment?
Catheter based renal denervation
Carotid body modulation
