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PHARM FINAL > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies stage 2 HTN?

A

Systolic over 160

Diastolic over 100

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2
Q

Which baroreceptors monitor BP in the arterioles?

A

Alpha 1

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3
Q

Which baroreceptors monitor BP in the heart?

A

Beta 1

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4
Q

What system is responsible for long-term BP control? Short-term?

A
  • RAA system

- Baroreceptors

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5
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

Peripheral vasoconstriction

Noradrenaline release

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6
Q

What do ACEI do?

A

Vasodilators

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7
Q

Where is renin stored?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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8
Q

Which loop of Henle absorbs NaCl?

A

Ascending thick limb

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9
Q

Where is water absorbed in the kidneys?

A

Thin descending limb of Henle

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10
Q

Where does most K secretion take place and aldosterone and ADH act?

A

Collecting tubule

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11
Q

What drugs can cause HTN?

A
  • TCAs
  • Venlafaxine
  • Corticosteroids
  • Licorice?
  • NSAIDS
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12
Q

Initial drug therapy for stage 1 HTN?

A

Thiazides

-ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, combo

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13
Q

Initial drug therapy for stage 2 HTN?

A

Thiazide plus…

  • ACEI
  • ARB
  • BB
  • CCB
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14
Q

Which two HTN meds can you never combine?

A

ARBs and ACEIs

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15
Q

First choice drug regimen for HTN plus HF?

A

ACEI + BB

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16
Q

First choice drug regimen for HTN and CAD?

A

BB + ACEI

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17
Q

First choice regimen for HTN and DM?

A

ARB or ACEI

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18
Q

First choice regimen for HTN and CKD?

A

ARB or ACEI

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19
Q

First choice regimen for HTN and recurrent stroke?

A

ACEI + Thiazide

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20
Q

Uses for HCTZ?

A
  • HTN
  • CHF
  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Prevents kidney stones d/t hypercalciuria
21
Q

HCTZ side effects?

A
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyperglycemia-not for diabetics
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Allergies (sulfa)
22
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A
  • Ascending loop
  • Chloride pump
  • Can work even in renal insufficiency
23
Q

What is metolazone?

A

Thiazide diuretic

24
Q

Therapeutic uses for Furosemide?

A
  • Edema (heart failure)
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Acute renal failure
25
Q

Side effects of furosemide?

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
26
Q

What is spironolactone?

A
  • K-sparing diuretic
  • Aldosterone steroid antagonist
  • Used for aldosteronism
27
Q

Side effects of spironolactone?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Gynecomastia
  • Menstrual problems
28
Q

Which K-sparing diuretic can cause kidney stones?

A

Triamterene

29
Q

Contraindications for ACEI?

A

Renovascular HTN

Pregnancy

30
Q

Adverse effects of ACEI?

A
  • Angioedema
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Elevations in Cr and BUN
31
Q

What are drugs that end in …sartan?

A

ARBs

32
Q

Contraindications for ARBs?

A
  • Renal artery stenosis

- Pregnancy

33
Q

What ARB reduces uric acid?

A

Losartan

34
Q

Beta-1 selective beta blockers?

A

Bisoprolol
Acebutolol
Metoprolol
Atenolol

35
Q

Caution with BB?

A

DM

Dyslipidemia

36
Q

Adverse effects of BB?

A

Lower HDL and raise LDL

37
Q

How do CCBs work?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation

Inotropic and Chronotropic effects

38
Q

Which CCBs can be used for dysrhythmias?

A

Non-dihydropyridines

39
Q

What are non-dihydropyridines?

A

Diltiazem-less SE

Verapamil

40
Q

Adverse effects of CCBs?

A

Constipation-Verapamil

41
Q

How does clonipine work?

A

Centrally acting alpha-2 agonist

42
Q

What drug can effect Coombs test results?

A

Methyldopa

43
Q

Adverse effects of methyldopa?

A

Nightmares

Hyperprolactinemia

44
Q

How does hydralazine work?

A

Peripheral vasoconstriction
Causes Na/water absorption
Needs to be given w/ diuretic

45
Q

Side effects of hydralazine?

A

Angina or arrhythmias w/ IHD

Lupus-like symptoms

46
Q

Contraindications for Aliskiren?

A

Not during pregnancy
Angioedema
Inhibits arvostatin, furosemide

47
Q

Drug of choice for HTN during pregnancy?

A
  • Methyldopa or Labetalol

- If IV then Hydralazine

48
Q

What drugs for HTN urgency?

A

Captopril
Clonidine
Labetalol

49
Q

What toxin does nitroprusside metabolism produce?

A

Cyanide

-Give thiosulfate

PHARM FINAL (2 decks)

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