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You'll love Neuroscience, baby > hyPOOPthalamus > Flashcards

hyPOOPthalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from 2 different embryological pouches

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

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2
Q

Ectoderm cells on the roof of the developing pharynx that invaginate, forming Rathke’s pouch

A

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

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3
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) - ectoderm cells on the roof of the developing pharynx that invaginate, forming

A

Rathke’s Pouch

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5
Q

Anterior Pituitary contains what cells

A

glandular cells

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6
Q

glandular cells secrete hormones into

A

Circulation

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7
Q

Anterior pituitary is controlled by

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis

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9
Q

from an evagination of the floor of the developing ventricular system

A

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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10
Q

Contains axons and terminals of neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

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11
Q

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) secretes

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

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12
Q

Hypothalamus is part of

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

Extends from region of optic chiasm to caudal border of mammillary bodies

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Hypothalamus is located ___ thalamus

A

Below

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15
Q

Hypothalamus forms ___ part of the ___ walls of the lateral ventricle

A

inferior ; lateral

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16
Q

shallow groove on the wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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17
Q

Forms wall and floor of the inferior portion of 3rd ventricle

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

Separated from thalamus by a shallow groove on the wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

Hypothalamic

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19
Q

Ventral surface of the hypothalamus is posterior to __

A

Optic Chiasm

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20
Q

“gray protuberance”; bulge between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

A

Tuber Cinerium

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21
Q

arises from tuber cinereum and continues inferiorly as pituitary stalk

A

Infundibulum

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22
Q

region where hypothalamic neurons release regulating factors that are carried by portal vessels to the anterior pituitary

A

Median Eminence

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23
Q

Lies within the pituitary fossa

A

Pituitary Gland

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24
Q

saddle shaped depression on the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica

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25
Q

beneath the floor of the sella turcica

A

Sphenoid sinus

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26
Q

dura covering the superior portion of the pituitary fossa; through which the pituitary stalk transverses

A

Diaphragma sella

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27
Q

Bound laterally by cavernosus sinus

A

Pituitary fossa

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28
Q

Lie just behind and inferior to the optic chiasm

A

Pituitary fossa

29
Q

From optic chiasm to lamina terminalis and anterior commissure

A

Preoptic area

30
Q

Caudally merges with midbrain tegmentum

A

Preoptic Area

31
Q

(HEAL) Function of Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis
Endocrine
Autonomic Control
Limbic Mechanism

32
Q

Major Hypothalamic Nuclei
(medial to lateral)

PM, Love

A

Periventricular
Medial
Lateral

33
Q

run through lateral hypothalamic area in rostrocaudal direction, carry connections to and from the hypothalamus

A

Medial Forebrain Bundle

34
Q

Four Regions of MEDIAL Hypothalamic Area
(anterior to posterior)

Pre, AMPo-

A

Preoptic
Anterior Supraoptic
Middle tuberal
Posterior mammilary

35
Q

lateral and medial preoptic nucleus; rostrally continuations of the lateral and medial hypothalamic area

A

Preoptic

36
Q

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei contain ___ to project to the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin or vasopressin

37
Q

“master clock” for circadian rhythms; receive inputs from retinal ganglion cells

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

38
Q

Preoptic

A

lateral and medial

39
Q

Anterior supraoptic

A

Supraoptic
Paraventricular
Suprachiasmatic

40
Q

project to median eminence to control pituitary

A

Arcuate

41
Q

Middle tuberal hypothalamic region

A

Arcuate

42
Q

Hypothalamic control of ANS

A

Paraventricular nucleus (DM, L & P hypothalamic nuclei)

MFB > DL of Brainstem & preaqueductal gray matter > synapse w preganglionic PSY nuclei in the brainstem and intermediate zone of the sacral spinal cord >
Synapse with preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracolumbar spinal cord

43
Q

Hippocampal formation projects to mammillary body

A

Fornix

44
Q

Mammillary body to anterior thalamic nucleus via __ then project to__

A

mammillothalamic tract: cingulate gyrus

45
Q

Amygdala (reciprocal connections) via

A

Stria terminalis
Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

46
Q

Emotional influence on autonomic pathways, homeostatic pathways including immune system

A

Hypothalamic Limbic Pathways

47
Q

Nuclei of rage

A

Lateral hypothalamic nuclei

48
Q

Nuclei of passivity

A

Ventromedial nucleus

49
Q

lesion cause decrease body weight

A

Lateral hypothalamus

50
Q

Hunger center

A

Lateral hypothalamus

51
Q

Satiety center

A

Medial Hypothalamus

52
Q

Inhibits appetite

A

Ventromedial nucleus

53
Q

hormone released by the adipose tissue

A

Leptin

54
Q

Leptin binds to __ receptors in hypothalamus that reduce apetite

A

Ob

55
Q

secreted by gastric mucosal cells

A

Ghrelin

56
Q

Ghrelin is secreted by

A

gastric mucosal cells

57
Q

What stimulate appetite

A

Grelin

58
Q

What reduce appetite

A

Leptin

59
Q

Thirst is activation of what receptor

A

Osmoreceptor

60
Q

Detect increase in body temp

A

Anterior Hypothalamus

61
Q

Conserves heat

A

Posterior Hypothalamus

62
Q

Increase nurturing behaviors
nurturing behaviors in mothers

A

Oxytocin

63
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones produces

AGP TLF

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH

64
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones releases

A

Oxytocin
Vasopressin (arginine vasopressin AVp or antidiuretic hormone ADH)

65
Q

Release of anterior pituitary hormones is controlled by hypothalamus through

A

hypophysial portal system

66
Q

Pituitary gland receives arterial blood from

A

inferior and superior hypophysial arteries

67
Q

Neurons lying adjacent to the 3rd venticle project to the ___where they secrete inhibitory and releasing factors

A

Median Eminence

68
Q

Hormones from pituitary are picked up by ___ of the portal system and carried by draining veins to

A

secondary capillary plexus ; cavernous sinus

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