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endo II exam1 > Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones > Flashcards

Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones work on GPCR Galpha-s

A 
beta adrenergics
LH, FSH, TSH
glucagon
PTH, PTHrP
ACTH
GHRH, CRH
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2
Q

G alpha stimulating R has what type signaling pathway

A

stimulates adenylyl cyclase that inc cAMP» calmodulin/Ca dependent kinases

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3
Q

Galpha inhibitory works how

A

inhibits adenylyl cyclase that stops cAMP production

activates K and Ca channels

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4
Q

what hormones work on Galpha inhibitory

A

alpha adrenergics

somatostatin

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5
Q

what hormones work on G alpha 1 and alpha11

A

TRH and GnRH

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6
Q

how do Galphaq and alpha 11 signal

A

phospholipase C!!!, DAG, IP3, PKC, vCaChannels

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7
Q

which hormones work thorugh RTKs

A

insulin and IGF-1

the insulin R dimerizes

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8
Q

what are the effectors for insulin and IGF-1

A

tyrosine kinases, IRS-1 to IRS4 and IGF-1R

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9
Q

signaling pathway of RTK

A

MAP kinases IP-3kinase and RSK

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10
Q

what hormones work on cytokine R linked kinase

A

GH and PRL

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11
Q

what are the effectors for cytokine R linked kinase

A

JAK and Tyrosine kinase

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12
Q

what are the signaling pathways for cytokine R linked kinase

A

STAT, MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, IRS-1 and IRS-2

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13
Q

what hormone works on serine kinase R and effector?

A

TGF-b

serine/threonine kinase

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14
Q

signaling pathway for TGF-b

A

Smads

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15
Q

Which Receptors regulate gene transcription

A

nuclear R

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16
Q

What are types of nuclear R

A

steroid R

R for retinoic acid and vit D

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17
Q

what type of illnesses are associated with dysfcuntional nuclear R systems

A

inflammation, cancer, DM, CV disease, obesity and repro disorders

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18
Q

what hormones modulate release of GH from anterior pituitary

A

hypothalamic GRrH + to GH release

hypothalamic somatostatin - to GH release

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19
Q

target organs for GH and somatotropin

target organ hormone

A

liver bone, muscle, kidney

IGF-1

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20
Q

what modulates release to TSH from anterior pituitary

A

hypothalamic TRH increases TSH release

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21
Q

wehre does TSH act and what is the primary target organ hormone

A

thyroid, thryoxine and triiodothyronine

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22
Q

what increases ACTH release from anterior pituitary

A

corticotropin releasing hormone

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23
Q

where does ACTH work and what hormone does it increase

A

adrenal cortex and increases cortisol release

24
Q

gonadoptropin releasing hormone increases what from ant pituitary

A

FSH and LH

25
Q

where do FSH and LH work

A

gonads to increase estrogen, progesterone and testosterone

26
Q

dopamine inhibits release of what

A

prolactin which works on breast tissue

27
Q

GnRH in pulses sitmulates what

A

LH and FSH release

28
Q

when GnRH is released continuously what occurs

A

inhibits LH and FSH through down regulation of GnRH Receptors

29
Q

what drug do we have similar to GH

A

somatotropin

30
Q

What is the IGF-1 agonist

A

mecasermin

31
Q

what are the somatostatin analogs

A

ocreotide

32
Q

what is the GH antagonist

A

pegvisomant

33
Q

what are the dopamine agonists

A

bromocriptine and cabergoline

34
Q

What are the vasopressin R agonists

A

vasopressin and desmopressin

35
Q

what are the vasopressin R antagonists

A

conivaptan, tolvaptan

36
Q

effects of somatotropin

A

sitmulate longitudinal bone growth until epiphyses close

anabolic effects in muscle, catabolic in lipid cells

37
Q

when do you use somatotropin therapeutically

A

GH deficiency
ped patients with short stature (prader willi, turner, noonan)
chronic wasting in AIDS patients
short bowel syndrome

38
Q

What is difference of mecasermin and mecasermin rinfabate

A

rinfabate extends half life

39
Q

clinical uses mecasermin

A

IGF-1 deficiency not responsive to rhGH theapy

children with GH gene deletionsor have developed neutralizing Ab

40
Q

adverse effect of mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia

41
Q

What are the 2 strategies for GH antagonists

A

reduce secretion of GH (somatostatin analogs)

block aciton of GH at R level (GH R antagonist)

42
Q

how do somatostatin analogs work

A

inhibit release of GH and glucagon, insulin, gastrin and other hormones)

43
Q

what drug is more potent than somatostain in inhibiting GH and insulin secretion

A

octreotide and lanreotide

44
Q

Octreotide and lanreotide are used when

A

anterior pituitary adenomas that secrete GH (acromegaly and gigantism)

45
Q

adverse effects somatostatin analogs

A

nausea, vomting, GI (steatorrhea, gallstones)

CV effects: sinus brady and conduction disturbances

46
Q

MOA pegvisomant

A

GH R antagonists that inhibits binding of GH thus preventing signal transduction

47
Q

what is used to Tx hyperPRL

A

dopamine agonists

48
Q

MOA bromocriptine and Cabergonline

A

dopamine D2 R agonists (dec PRL)

49
Q

clinical uses of hyperPRL

A

acromegaly, Parkinson

shrink pituitary PRL secreting tumors

50
Q

adverse effects bromocriptine and Cabergonline

A

nausea, HA, light-headedness, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue

51
Q

what is different about posterior pituitary hormones from anterior

A

posterior do not use a portal system

there is no positive regulation, act directly on target tissues

52
Q

MOA vasopressin

A

agonist on vasopressin V1V2 R

53
Q

acivation vasopressin R 1 causes what? V2?

A

V1: vasoconstriciton
V2: stimulate aquaporin in kidneys to increase water resorption

54
Q

clinal uses of vasopressin

A

pituitary DI, hemophilia A, vWdisease

55
Q

what drug has longer half life to vasopressin

A

desmopressin

56
Q

MOA conivaptan and tolvaptan

A

antagonists to V2 R

promote excretion of free water resulting in net fluid loss, increased urine output, dec urine osmolality

57
Q

clinical uses of conivaptan and tolvaptan

A

Tx of clinically significant hypervolemic or euvolemic hyponatremia( HF, cirrhosis or SIADH)

endo II exam1 (14 decks)

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