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GI > IBD > Flashcards

IBD Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause a raise in faecal calprotectin?

A 
IBD
Malignancy
Coeliac
Infectious colitis
NSAIDS
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2
Q

What faecal calprotectin?

A

Stable calcium-binding proteins that are released into faeces when neutrophils gather at the site of any GI tract inflammation

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3
Q

Symptoms of IBD?

A 
Chronic diarrhoea
Blood/mucus
Right lower quadrant pain
Urgency (UC)
Tenderness
Malaise
Anorexia
Weight loss
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4
Q

Additional crohn’s symptoms

A

Oral lesions
Steatorrhoea
Fever

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5
Q

Additional UC symptoms?

A

Tenesmus

Fever in severe disease

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6
Q

What is Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel, transmural granulomatous inflammation which affects any part of the GI tract

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7
Q

Extraintestinal symptoms of IBD

A 
Anaemia
Arthritis
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Ankylosing spondylosis
Renal stones
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8
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon originating in the colon and advancing proximally

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9
Q

What is more common UC or Crohn’s

A

UC

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10
Q

Age of onset of Crohn’s

A

Bimodal - 15-40 and 60-80

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11
Q

Age of onset of UC

A

Bimodal - 15-25 and 55-65

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12
Q

Fistula present?

A

Crohn’s - common

UC - rare

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13
Q

Mucosa in Crohn’s disease?

A 
Cobblestoning
Skip lesions
Transmural inflammation
Fat wrapping
Aphthoid ulcers
Hyperemia, oedema
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14
Q

Types of Crohn’s disease?

A

Inflammatory, visualising and stenosing

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15
Q

Initial investigations for IBD?

A 
Bloods
Colonoscopy
CT
Stool studies 
Fecal calprotectin
Biopsy
Endoscopy
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16
Q

Findings of CT scan

A 
Bowel wall thickening
String sign of Kantor
Skip lesions
Abscess
Fistulae
17
Q

What is the string sign of Kantor?

A

Long-segment strictures in terminal ileum causing severe narrowing

18
Q

What is an aphthous ulcer?

A

Shallow ulcer with white base

19
Q

What is severe UC?

A

Fulminant toxic megacolon

20
Q

Mucosal findings in UC?

A 
Loss of normal vascular pattern
Broad based ulcerations
Pseudopolyps
Granular and friable mucosa
Continuous involvement
21
Q

Biopsy in Crohn’s?

A

Widening of submucosa
Lympoid aggregates
Cryptitis
Non caseating granulomas

22
Q

Biopsy in UC?

A

Mucin depletion
Basal plasmacytosis
Mucosal atrophy
Crypt abscesses

23
Q

What is toxic megacolon?

A

Colonic distention above 6cm - potentially lethal due to perforation

24
Q

Causes of toxic megacolon?

A

IBD - UC more commonly
C. difficile
Other infection e.g. salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, Yersinia, cryptosporidium

25
Q

Triggers for toxic megacolon?

A

Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesia
Narcotic use
Anticholinergic or antidiarrhoeal use

GI (9 decks)

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