ICA 1 Flashcards
State three types of observational studies
Cross-sectional survey
Case-control study
Cohort study
Why would you use an observational study?
When you can’t randomise - ethical or practical reasons
Too much follow-up time is needed
Too expensive to conduct an experimental study
What is an observational study?
You just look at a group of people without doing anything
What is a cohort study?
You study a group of people and see what happens so the population isn’t divided
- Best if you want to study the effect of predictive risk factors on an outcome
What study does this describe: start with exposure (variable) and then follow for outcome
Cohort study
What can cohort studies be classified into?
Prospective
Retrospective
Concurrent
What are the sub headings for study design?
(PHIL BORE) Population Hypothesis Intervention Location Bias Outcome Rationale End point
What are the sub headings for ethics of a study?
(NEAC PDF) Need Equipoise Approval Consent Power Data monitoring Funding
What are the sub headings for the key results?
(FRED L) Final results Randomisation End point Drop outs Loss to follow up
What are the sub headings for the implications of a study?
(SAGE CAB) Safety Applicability Generalisability Efficacy Cost-effective Acceptability Broad context
Which type of study are risk ratios linked to?
Cohort study
Which type of study are odds ratios linked to?
Case-control study
What is the definition of confounding factors?
A confounding factor is one that affects both the exposure and the outcome but not through a causal pathway
