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Clin Med II Exam 4 > ID buzzwords > Flashcards

ID buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Most common travel related causes of febrile illness?

A

Malaria, enteric feveres (typhoid, shigella), hepatitis, amebic liver disease (giardia)

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2
Q

Gram + cocci in pairs and chains

A

streptococcus species

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3
Q

Invasive bloodstream infections should raise suspicion for GI…

A

malignancy - cancer breaks down barriers and allows enterococci out into the blood

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4
Q

Pain out of proportion to PE findings

A

necrotizing faciitis

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5
Q

Toxic shock syndrome presentation

A

3 organ systems + fever, rash (macular erythrodermic), HOTN, GI distress, renal failure, hepatic failure, myopathy, TCP

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6
Q

Profuse “rice water” diarrhea

A

cholera

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7
Q

Pea soup diarrhea with pink papular rash on trunk and bradycardia

A

typhoid

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8
Q

MC manifestation of salmonellosis

A

gastroenteritis

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9
Q

Contact with reptiles

A

salmonellosis

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10
Q

disentery, hematochezia, HLA-B27 reactive arthritis

A

shigellosis

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11
Q

Grey tenacious membrane over tonsils and pharynx

A

Diphtheria

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12
Q

N. gonorrhea requires what agar to grow on culture

A

Thayer-Martin or chocolate agar

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13
Q

College freshman living in dorms

A

N. meningiditis

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14
Q

Lone star tick

A

ehrlichiosis

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15
Q

Where is ehrlichiosis endemic to?

A

mid-atlantic, southeastern, central state (may co-exist with Lyme disease)

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16
Q

What is seen on blood smear of ehrlichiosis?

A

Morula

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17
Q

Pasturella think

A

cat bites

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18
Q

Eikinella think

A

human bites

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19
Q

Bartonella henselae think

A

cat scratch disease in kids

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20
Q

Bartonella quintana think

A

pediculosus, rare cause of IE

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21
Q

What is bacillary angiomatosis?

A

form of vascular bartonella in AIDs pts

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22
Q

MC candidal infection

A

c. albicans

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23
Q

azole resistant candida

A

C. galbrata

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24
Q

Azole sensitive, concerns with Miacfungin candida

A

a. parapsolosis

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25
Q

Main RF associated with invasive and drug resistant infections

A

immunosuppression (also renal disease, liver failure, neutropenia)

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26
Q

Pink papules/vesicles with satellite lesions

A

candidal dermatitis

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27
Q

Mortality rate of fungemia

A

40%

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28
Q

mold in ______, yeast in ______

A

cold, warmth

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29
Q

Dx of histoplasmosis

A

urine antigen

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30
Q

CD4 cells <50 can cause…

A

cryptococcal meningitis

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31
Q

Diagnosis of cryptococcal infection

A

india ink stain (antigen testing)

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32
Q

Severe dyspnea, nonproductive cough, low O2 sats, diffuse interstitial infiltrates on CXR

A

PJP

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33
Q

MC infection of advanced HIV (CD4 <200)

A

PJP

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34
Q

diagnosis of PJP

A

Silver stain (Ab testing)

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35
Q

Gardeners and rose handlers disease

A

sporothrix

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36
Q

Spreading papular and nodular lesions that ulcerate along lymphatic lines

A

sporothrix

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37
Q

RF for atypical mycobacterial disease

A

chronic lung disease, AIDS

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38
Q

2sp in mycobacterium avian complex

A

avium, intracellulare

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39
Q

Responsible for most severe cases of Malaria

A

P. falciparum

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40
Q

Mode of transmission of malaria

A

female anopheles mosquito

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41
Q

Demographics of malaria

A

Africa

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42
Q

Shaking chills followed by fever paroxysms (hot stage)

A

parasitemia

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43
Q

Jaundice from hemolysis is a symptom of…

A

malaria

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44
Q

how do you diagnose malaria

A

blood smears with giemsa stain

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45
Q

Amebiasis found in soil and water

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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46
Q

Diagnosis of amebiasis

A

stool for O&P

47
Q

Enterobiasis

A

pinworms

48
Q

Perianal pruritis

A

pinworms

49
Q

Diagnosis of pinworms

A

scotch tape test attempt over 3 night

50
Q

Endemic areas for strongyloidiasis

A

tropics and SE US and midwest

51
Q

Strongyloidiasis becomes disseminated disease in these pts…

A

immunosuppressed

52
Q

diagnosis of strongyloidiasis

A

marked eosinophilia, serologies for dx, stool O&P

53
Q

Consider….. in any pt with isolated elevated eosinophils

A

strongyloidiasis

54
Q

intestinal round worm

A

ascariasis

55
Q

how is babesiosis transmitted?

A

deer tick

56
Q

Demographics of babesiosis

A

midwest and NE

57
Q

diagnosis of babesiosis

A

giemsa-stained blood

58
Q

watery diarrhea

A

cryptosporidiosis

59
Q

contaminated fresh water

A

giardiasis

60
Q

MC intestinal protozoa in US

A

giardiasis

61
Q

Foul smelling greasy fatty stools

A

giardiasis

62
Q

Diagnosis for giardiasis

A

O&P

63
Q

undercooked meat, cat contamination

A

toxoplasmosis

64
Q

encephalitis

A

toxoplasmosis

65
Q

diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

A

contrast CT or MRI with multiple ring enhancing lesions, brain bx is definitive

66
Q

Implied disorders of EBV

A

mononucleosis, burkitt’s lymphoma, CVD, nasopharyngeal cancer

67
Q

Clinical features of Mono

A

posterior LAD, Splenomegaly, Morbilliform or maculopapular rash in setting of beta-lactams

68
Q

Complications of EBV

A

secondary bacterial infection, splenic rupture

69
Q

Diagnosis of EBV

A

lymphocytic leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, monospot (heterophil antibody screening - unreliable in acute phase <2 weeks), possible false + RPR

70
Q

HPV type 6 and 11

A

genital warts

71
Q

HPV type 16 and 18

A

cervical neoplasia

72
Q

Common cold sore

A

HSV1

73
Q

genital herpes

A

HSV2

74
Q

what can cause acute herpetic pharyngotonsillitis?

A

HSV1 (MC) and HSV2, ddx enterovirus 71

75
Q

grouped cropping vesicles with ulceration

A

recurrent genital herpes

76
Q

recurrent genital herpes probability rates

A

90% at least one, 30% with 6 or more

77
Q

keratitis is seen with…

A

HSV, dendritic corneal ulcers

78
Q

Temporal necrosis on MRI

A

HSV encephalitis

79
Q

diagnosis of HSV

A

tzanck smear with multinucleated giant cells

80
Q

pitfalls of serologic testing for HSV

A

doesn’t indicate active infection, can correlate with MRI findings in suspected encephalitis

81
Q

Diagnosis of rabies

A

CSF RT PCR

82
Q

Who gets CMV?

A

HIV, neonates, transplant pts

83
Q

in perinatal CMV, who is diagnosed with primary disease?

A

the mother

84
Q

what does acute CMV present like in immunocompetent pts

A

similar to EBV without pharyngitis

85
Q

when is retinitis seen with CMV?

A

CD4 <50

86
Q

who can have impaired cellular immuniity with progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy

A

HIV, CTD/MS on monoclonal Ab, transplant

87
Q

Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukenecephalopathy

A

diffuse areas of demylelination without enhancement or mass effect

88
Q

what types of opportunistic infection can occur with BK virus?

A

hemorrhagic cystitis in BMT pts, graft failure in renal transplant

89
Q

Diagnosis of BK virus

A

PCR of urine or blood

90
Q

Fatality of west nile virus

A

10%

91
Q

when is erythema migrans seen in lyme disease?

A

early, first week, resolved in 3-4 weeks

92
Q

diagnosis of lyme disease

A

ELISA with western blot

93
Q

organism to cause RMSF

A

rickettsia rickettsii

94
Q

transmission of RMSF

A

American dog tick

95
Q

Clinical features of RMSF

A

fever, rigors, HA, n/v, conjunctivitis

96
Q

Faint MP rash on wrists/ankles that moves proximally, characteristically affects the palms and soles

A

RMSF

97
Q

diagnosis of RMSF

A

serologies, skin lesion immunohistochemical study

98
Q

diagnosis of fever of unknown origin

A

3 weeks of illness with fever >38.3 on several occasions without diagnosis after 3 OP visits or 3 days of hospitalization

99
Q

MCC of fever of unknown origin

A

infection

100
Q

what is the key to fever of unknown origin

A

categorize by infectious class, patient history, clinical features, then choose workup

101
Q

organism to cause plague

A

yersinia pestis

102
Q

How is plague diagnosed?

A

wright stain

103
Q

Hantavirus comes from what host?

A

rodents

104
Q

clinical features of hantavirus

A

non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, HOTN, ARF, MSOF, shock

105
Q

transmission of ebola

A

bats

106
Q

what viruses can cause hemorrhagic fever

A

marburg virus and ebola

107
Q

how is ebola diagnosed?

A

tissue cx in level 4 labs

108
Q

how is dengue transmitted

A

Aedes aegyp - female msquito vector, also bloodborne

109
Q

Myalgias, HA, malaise, breakbone fever, possible hemorrhagic shock

A

dengue

110
Q

MCC of traveler’s diarrhea

A

nonhemorrhagic e. coli species

111
Q

acute febrile illness with associated CNS findings

A

tick-borne encephalitis

112
Q

African sleeping sickness transmission

A

Trypanosomiasis, tsetse fly

113
Q

transmission of schistosomiasis

A

larvae from fresh water, penetrates skin

114
Q

Leading cause of bladder cancer worldwide

A

schistosomiasis

Clin Med II Exam 4 (5 decks)

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