immune system

Question 1

innate (nonspecific) defense

Answer 1

skin/ mucosae, inflammation, fever

Question 2

adaptive (specific) defense

Answer 2

attack identified foreign substances, and third line of defense
b-cells and t-cells

Question 3

Acid mantle of skin

Answer 3

skin secretions (sweat/sebum), make epidermal surfaces acidic, inhibits growth of bacteria

Question 4

pattern recognition receptors

Answer 4

germline-encoded host sensors, which detect molecules typical for the pathogens.

Question 5

Phagocytes

Answer 5

adheres, engulfs, and destroys pathogens

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

most abundant white blood cell

Question 7

macrophages

Answer 7

most aggressive phagocytes that derive from monocytes that leave the blood stream and enters the tissues

Question 8

benefits of inflammation

Answer 8

prevents spread of damage, disposes cell debris, aleart adaptive immune system, starts the repair

Question 9

Histamine

Answer 9

released in response to injury: vasodilation, promotes formation of exudate

Question 10

kinins (bradykinin)

Answer 10

plasma protein found in plasma, urine, saliva, and in lysosomes of neutrophils: released in response to injury and induces pain

Question 11

prostaglandins

Answer 11

fatty acid molecules produced from arachidonic acid in cell membranes: released in response to injury, induces neutrophil chemotaxis and pain.

Question 12

interferons (IFNs)

Answer 12

small proteins that help protect cells that are not YET infected.

Question 13

classical pathway

Answer 13

water soluble antibodies that are produced to fight off foreign pathogens, “double binding”

Question 14

lectin pathway

Answer 14

water-soluble lectins that are produced to recognize pathogens, bind to sugars on pathogens

Question 15

alternative pathway

Answer 15

triggered by activated C3

Question 16

MAC membrane attack complex

Answer 16

group of complement proteins that form and stabilize

Question 17

immunogencity

Answer 17

ability to stimulate specific lymphocytes to multiply

Question 18

reactivity

Answer 18

ability to react with activated lymphocytes and antibodies released by immunogenic reactions

Question 19

hapten (incomplete antigen)

Answer 19

have reactivity but no immunogenicity: found in poison ivy, animal dander, and other allergens

Question 20

antigenic determinants

Question 21

self-antigens

Question 22

b lymphocytes

Answer 22

oversee humoral immunity

Question 23

t lymphocytes

Answer 23

non-antibody producing lymphocytes that create the cellular arm of adaptive immunity

Question 24

where b cells mature

Answer 24

bone marrow

Question 25

primary lymohoid organs

Answer 25

red bone marrow and thymus