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Finals > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main types of lymphocytes?

A

B + T

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2
Q

What is synthesised and secreted by B cells?

A

Immunoglobulins

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3
Q

T cells have 2 classes what are they?

A
  1. Helper T cell
  2. Cytotoxic T cell
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4
Q

What does helper T cell do?

A

Secrete growth factors (cytokines) which control immune response

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5
Q

What does cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Release perforins which form pores in target cell which releases other damaging enzymes

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6
Q

What types of immunity is there?

A
  1. Innate
  2. Adaptive
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7
Q

What is the response time of Innate immunity?

A

Rapid response upon infection

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8
Q

Is there specific recognition of pathogens in innate immunity?

A

No

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9
Q

Is there memory response in innate immunity?

A

No

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10
Q

What cells are predominant in innate immunity?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophils
  • Dendritic cells
  • NK cells
  • Mast cells
  • Monocytes
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11
Q

How is innate immunity activated?

A

A presence of pathogens or tissue damage

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12
Q

How effective is innate immunity?

A

Provides immediate generalised defence against a wide range of pathogens

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13
Q

What is the duration of innate immunity?

A

Active throughout life

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14
Q

What is the response time of adaptive immunity?

A

Slow response, few days to begin

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15
Q

Is there specific recognition of pathogens in adaptive immunity?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Is there memory response in adaptive immunity?

A

Yes, memory of previous infections

17
Q

What cells are predominant in adaptive immunity?

A
  • Lymphocytes (B + T)
  • Antibodies (Plasma cells from B cells)
  • Antigen specific receptors
18
Q

How is adaptive immunity activated?

A

Triggered by recognition of specific antigens

19
Q

How effective is adaptive immunity?

A

Provides targeted adaptive response tailored to specific pathogens

20
Q

What is the duration of adaptive immunity?

A

Develops during exposure to pathogens (allergic reaction)

21
Q

What role does innate immunity play in dentistry?

A
  • First line defence against oral pathogens
  • Includes physical barriers (salvia, mucosa)
  • Innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages) identify and neutralize pathogens in the mouth
  • Prevents disease and caries
22
Q

What role does adaptive immunity have in dentistry?

A
  • T and B lymphocytes identify and target specific antigens present in oral pathogens
  • Responds against oral infections
23
Q

What is a neutrophil?

A
  • White blood cell
  • Fights infection and are first line defenders
  • Releases enzymes and chemicals to help kill pathogens and recruit other immune cells
24
Q

What is a macrophage?

A
  • White blood cell
  • Engulf and digest deal cells and pathogens
25
Q

What is a monocyte?

A
  • White blood cell that patrols the bloodstream
  • Can transform into macrophages when they migrate into the tissues
26
Q

What are mast cells?

A
  • White blood cell found around blood vessels and nerves
  • Release chemical mediators (histamine) when allergic reaction and inflammation occurs
  • Symptoms of mast cell activation (swelling, itching, mucus)
27
Q

What are NK (natural killer) cells?

A
  • White blood cell
  • Recognises and kills infected or abnormal cells
  • Detect changes on infected cells and tumours surface proteins
  • Release toxic substances that induce cell apoptosis
28
Q

What is a cytokine?

A
  • Small proteins in the immune system
  • Produced by cells of the immune system
  • They regulate immune responses like inflammation
  • Maintain homeostasis
29
Q

What are plasma cells?

A
  • White blood cell
  • Produces antibodies (immunoglobulins)
  • A production from B cells
30
Q

What immunoglobulin is found in the mouth?

A

IgA

31
Q

What does IgA do?

A
  • Protects mucosa, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract
  • Prevents infection by binding to bacteria and viruses that enter through food and drink
  • Controls growth of harmful bacteria in oral cavity
  • Present in salvia

Finals (7 decks)

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