Immunology

Question 1

What are the types of acquired immunity?

Answer 1

Active - natural infection or vaccination
Passive - maternal or infused antibodies

Question 2

What are the features of effective vaccines?

Answer 2

Safe
Protective
Sustained
Induces neutralising antibody
Induces protective T cells
Practical eg easy to store etc

Question 3

What are the risks and benefits of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 3

Excellent immune response
BUT may revert to live disease
Can harm immunocompromised
Can become contaminated

Question 4

What are some examples of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 4

BCG
OPV
Measles
Rotavirus
Yellow fever

Question 5

What are the pros and cons of killed/inactivated whole cell vaccines?

Answer 5

Less strong response, but safe and stable

Question 6

What are some examples of inactivated whole cell vaccines?

Answer 6

Whole cell pertussis (wP)
Polio Salk

Question 7

What are the pros and cons of subunit vaccines (specific protein or fragment from pathogen)

Answer 7

Less strong response than LAVs but very safe and cannot induce disease

Question 8

What are some examples or subunit/purified antigen vaccines?

Answer 8

Protein based (HBV), polysaccharide (PCV-23, meningococcal), conjugate (HiB, PCV7, PCV10, PCV13)

Question 9

What are examples of toxoid vaccines?

Answer 9

Tetanus, diptheriaW

Question 10

What are the pros and cons of toxoid vaccines

Answer 10

May need several dose/adjuvant
But very safe, cannot induce disease

Question 11

What are examples of VLP (virus like particle) vaccines?

Answer 11

Rotavirus, HPV

Question 12

What are examples of viral vector vaccines?

Answer 12

AZ Covid

Question 13

What are examples of mRNA vaccines?

Answer 13

Pfizer