Immunology: Chapter 1 (Basic Concepts) Flashcards
Innate immunity
Various innate resistance mechanisms that are encountered first by a pathogen, before adaptive immunity is induced
Anatomical barriers
Anti microbial peptides
Complement system
Macrophages and neutrophils that carry nonspecific pathogen-recognition receptors
Present in all individuals at all times
Does not increase with repeated exposure
Discriminates between groups of pathogens, but not specific ones
Edward Jenner
Experimenter who discovered that infection with cowpox creates immunity to smallpox
Adaptive immunity
Response of antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen
Development of immunological memory which prevents reinfect ion
Stem cell from which all blood cells are derived
Pluripotent hemopoetic stem cell
0.3% of cells in bone marrow
Gives rise to myeloid and lymphoid progenitors
Macrophage
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
Antigen presentation
Innate immunity
Dendritic cell
Antigen uptake in peripheral sites
Antigen presentation
Between lymphoid and myeloid
Take up antigens and protect them for later
Form the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses
Neutrophil
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
First to arrive at the site of infections
Eosinophils
Killing of antibody coated parasites
Basophil
Promotion of allergic responses and augmentation of allergic responses and augmentation of anti-parasitic immunity
Mast cell
Release of granules containing histamine and active agents
Histamines: inflammatory agents
Cause liquid to come out of circulatory system and create tears and nose running
Natural killer (NK) cell
Release lytic granules that kill some virus-infected cells
Antigen
The substances that induce an adaptive immune response (antibody generation)
Proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides of pathogens
Lymphocytes
Most powerful ability to recognize and target pathogens
White blood cells
