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Immunology I > Immunoregulation > Flashcards

Immunoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

What produces monokines? What does it regulate?

A

Produced by: macrophages

Regulates: phagocytic cells

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2
Q

What produces lymphokines? What does it regulate?

A

Produced by: activated T cells

Regulates: lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

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3
Q

What produces colony-stimulating factors? What does it regulate?

A

Produced by: lymphocytes, macrophages, bone marrow stromal cells

Regulates: granulocyte and monocyte production in the bone marrow

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4
Q

What 4 things mediate natural immunity?

A
  1. Type 1 IFN
  2. TNF-alpha
  3. IL-1
  4. IL-6
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5
Q

Type 1 IFN’s biologic actions

A
  1. inhibit viral replication via paracrine action
  2. enhance cytolytic capability of NK cells
  3. increase cell expression of class I MHC molecules
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6
Q

What produces TNF-alpha?

A
  • mononuclear phagoytes
  • T lymphocytes
  • produced in response to LPS or endotoxin
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7
Q

Biologic actions of TNF-alpha

A
  • activates mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils to kill microbes
  • increases adhesiveness of vascular endothelium for neutrophils –> accumulation at inflammation site
  • fever generation
  • induction of neutrophilia
  • causes DIC at high []
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8
Q

What produces IL-1?

A
  • activated mononuclear phagocytes
  • endothelial cells
  • epithelial cells
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9
Q

What is the biologic action of IL-1?

A
  • induces production of IL-6 by mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells during septic shock
  • high [] induce fever and cachexia
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10
Q

What produces IL-6?

A
  • mononuclear phagocytes
  • endothelial cells
  • activated T cells
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11
Q

What are the biologic actions of IL-6?

A
  • differentiation of B cells into plasma cells

- induces hepatocytes to synthesize plasma proteins–> suppresses infections, minimize tissue damage

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12
Q

Which cytokines regulate lymphocytes? (3)

A
  1. IL-2
  2. IL-4
  3. TGF-B
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13
Q

What produces IL-2? What are its biologic actions/

A
  • CD4+ T cells
  • produced in response to antigenic stimulation
  • acts as an autocrine and paracine growth factor for T cells; allows progression from G1 to S
  • increases cytolytic capability of NK cells
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14
Q

What produces IL-4?

A

CD4+ T cells

mast cells/basophils

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15
Q

What is the biologic function of IL-4?

A
  • induces B cell isotype switching to IgE (may have role in allergies)
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16
Q

What produces TGF-B?

A
  • activated T cells
  • activated mononuclear phagocytes
  • stromal cells in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
17
Q

What are the biologic actions of TGF-B?

A
  • inhibits T cell proliferation and differentiations into CTLS
  • inhibits macrophage activation
  • induce B cells to produce IgA Ab
  • initiates wound healing –> induces fibroblast migration and proliferation
18
Q

What mediates inflammatory cells?

A

IFN-gamma

19
Q

What are the biologic properties of IFN-gamma?

A
  • most potent activator of macrophages
  • induces macrophages to be more highly microbial
  • upregulates expression of class I and II MHC proteins
20
Q

What are the 5 stimulators of hematopoiesis?

A
  1. IL-3
  2. GM-CSF
  3. M-CSF
  4. C-CSF
  5. IL-7
21
Q

IL-3

A
  • aka multilineage colony-stimulating factor
  • produced by CD4+ T cells
  • targets immature bone marrow progenitor cells to differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells
22
Q

GM-CSF

A
  • produced by activated mononuclear phagocytes and T cells

- promotes differentiation of bone marrow cells; becomes granulocytes and monocytes

23
Q

M-CSF

A
  • secreted by macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
  • shuttles developing bone marrow cells –> monocytes
24
Q

G-CSF

A
  • secreted by macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
  • acts on bone marrow progenitor cells committed to becoming granulocytes
25
Q

IL-7

A
  • produced by bone marrow stromal cells

- induces B-lymphocyte differentiation

26
Q

What changes during aging?

A
  • numbers, competene, and cytokine production patterns of lymphocyte subsets
  • narrowing of lymphocyte repertoire for antigen
  • regulation of macrophage function
27
Q

What doesn’t change during aging?

A
  • blood lymphocyte numbers

- level of serum immunoglobulins

Immunology I (5 decks)

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