Impact of Scots Emigrants on the Empire

Question 1

Canada
Scots Impact on Economy & Enterprise:

Answer 1

• scots who emigrated often had skills which were in demand in Canada, particularly granite workers, stonemasons, handloom weavers and seamen. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because the Scots were able to prosper, unlike they ever could in Scotland and successfully impacted the Canadian economy.
• many Highlanders that were forced off their land in the clearances, were successful in farming and brought new techniques such as the crop rotation, which meant more crops were grown. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because they could now farm better quality crops and trade these, bringing in more money to the economy.

Question 2

Canada
Scots Impact on Culture & Religion:

Answer 2

• the recreational life of Canada was influenced by the Scots with their introduction of curling, bagpipe playing, whisky tasting and ceilidhs are popular in Canadian society and remain so today. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because they changed the culture in Canada by introducing their own traditions from Scotland.
• John A. Macdonald emigrated from Scotland as a boy and rose to became Canada’s first Prime Minster. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because it helped to shape Canada as it is known today as a democracy.

Question 3

Canada
Scots Impact on Native Societies:

Answer 3

• they met the native peoples of Canada when they worked in the Hudson Bay Company. Many immigrants married native people and the children from these marriages were known as Metis people. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because they impacted the culture of Canada and had positive relationships with the natives.
• not all Scots were respectful and some forced the natives or Metis people off their land and viewed them as inferior. The Government took land from native people and many Scots were the beneficiaries. This contributed to the Scots impact on Canada because by stealing land from the natives, they destroyed the culture of native Metis people and caused hostility.

Question 4

Australia
Scots Impact on Economy & Enterprise:

Answer 4

• they excelled in shipping and trade. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because these ships could be used to trade with the empire, e.g. a very successful shipping business was established by McIllwrath, McEacharn, and Burns Phillips.
• many Scots went for the Gold Rush and some gold camps had a distinctive Scottish character. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because Scots made money from this which would be invested into Australia.

Question 5

Australia
Scots Impact on Culture & Religion:

Answer 5

• two of Australia’s national songs, ‘Waltzing Matilda’ and ‘Advance Australia Fair’ were written by Scots. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because Scots impacted the musical culture in Australia as these were sung nationally.
• In Victoria, there were a large number of Presbyterian secondary schools. By 1842 there were 42 parish schools in New South Wales established by Protestant Scots. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because it allowed many Australian’s to gain an education as many girls could now go to school for the first time.

Question 6

Australia
Scots Impact on Native Societies:

Answer 6

• there were regular disputes between settlers and indigenous people over land. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because Scots were responsible for brutal attacks on indigenous people.
• violence towards the indigenous populations meant that many tribes were eventually wiped out. This contributed to the Scots impact on Australia because the people’s language and culture disappeared.

Question 7

New Zealand
Scots Impact on Economy & Enterprise:

Answer 7

• Dr David Munro introduced the first sheep from Australia in 1842 and within 20 years he had 13,000 sheep on his farm. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because the wool from the sheep could be traded with other countries, improving the economy.
• Thomas Brydone helped found the New Zealand and Australia Land Company, which in 1882 sent the first consignment of frozen meat from New Zealand to London. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because this meat could then be traded, creating trade and money for the NZ economy.

Question 8

New Zealand
Scots Impact on Culture & Religion:

Answer 8

• Scots influenced education in New Zealand, e.g. 1872 Education Act Scotland formed the basis of the education system in New Zealand. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because this improved the education in NZ, allowing NZ people to be able to gain better education and qualifications to get better professions, such as lawyers and doctors.
• Scots Presbyterian settlers created the town of Dunedin. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because it became an important settlement in and introduced Scots culture to NZ.

Question 9

New Zealand
Scots Impact on Native Societies:

Answer 9

• some Scots had a negative impact as they were involved in taking land from the Maoris and carrying out forced evictions. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because this built negative relations with the natives as they did to them what had been done to Scots in the Highlands.
• Scots were responsible for attacks and mistreatment of Maori people. This contributed to the Scots impact on New Zealand because they created hostility between Scots and natives, destroying the native culture of Maoris.

Question 10

India
Scots Impact on Economy & Enterprise:

Answer 10

• Scots were notable in the development of tea plantations. Thomas Lipton was a Glasgow merchant who started tea plantations in India. This contributed to the Scots impact on India because it provided many Indian with jobs on the plantations and increased trade between India and Britain.
• India became a massive market for the British economy, but more importantly for the metal industries of Scotland. Practically all the railway engines in India were built in Springburn in Glasgow. This contributed to the Scots impact on India because they had high quality railway engines, allowing increased transport across India.

Question 11

India
Scots Impact on Culture & Religion:

Answer 11

• many Indian educational institutions such as elite schools owed much to Scottish emigrants and Scottish missionaries played an important role in the development of education in India. For example, Reverend Alexander Duff from Perthshire was linked the establishment of the first medical school in the country. This contributed to the Scots impact on India because this improved education in India and allowed many to go into professions such as doctors.

Question 12

India
Scots Impact on Native Societies:

Answer 12

• James Dalhousie used his time as Governor General of India to ban practices of suttee (human sacrifice) and thugee (ritual murder). This contributed to the Scots impact on India because he forced Scots Christian beliefs on them, destroying Indian traditions which many Indian people did not want.
• in 1857, Indian troops serving in the East India Company rebelled against their British officers and Scottish soldiers played an important role in crushing the Indian Mutiny. This contributed to the Scots impact on India because the Highland regiments killed thousands of Indians to help maintain British control of the Empire.