Important Qs outside of Formative and Case Studies Flashcards
Aims of Palliative Care
- Provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms
- Affirms life and regards dying as a normal process
- Intends neither to hasten nor postpone death
- Integrates the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of patient care
- Offered and support system to help patients live as active as possible until death
- Offers a support system to help the family cope during the patient’s illness and in their own bereavement
- Uses a team approach to address the needs of patients and their families, including bereavement counselling if indicated
5 Points about Grief
- Is an individual experience
- Is a process that can take months or years
- Patients may need to be reassured that they are normal
- Abnormal or distorted reactions may need more help
- Bereavement is associated with morbidity and mortality
List some of the features of reactive care
- GPs, district nurses, ad hoc arrangements
- No discussion with family on condition, outlook anticipated problems, place of care
- Problems with pain, sickness, constipation, anxiety
- Crisis call to Out of Hours Service
- Admission to hospital
- Death in hospital post CPR
- Family given minimal support in grief
- No reflection by professional care team
What is health education?
An activity involving communication with individuals or groups aimed at changing knowledge. beliefs, attitudes and behaviours in a direction which is conducive to improvements in health
What is health protection?
Involves collective activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies or voluntary codes of practice well aimed at the prevention of ill health or the positive enhancement of well-being.
What is empowerment?
Generation of power in individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situations nor act on the basis of their choices
Define Prevalence
The number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or defined period in time
Define Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specific period of time
What needs to be considered when interpreting the results of a aetiological study?
Standardisation Standardised Mortality Ratio Quality of Data Case Definition Coding and Classification Ascertainment
Define confounding factor
A factor associated indecently to both the disease and the exposure under investigation. This means that it distorts the relationship between the two.
What are the different types of bias?
Selectional Bias
Information Bias
Follow-Up Bias
Systematic Error
What are the criteria for causality?
Strength of association Consistency Specificity Temporality Biological Gradient Biological Plausibility Coherence Analogy Experiment
