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IMS Jana Cards > IMS EX PREP > Flashcards

IMS EX PREP Flashcards

1
Q

what does iceberg metaphor illustrate?

A

dominant conceptual framwork of int.cult.inter

  • 10% is visible
  • 90% invisible, unknown, dangerous, can sink a sojourner
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2
Q

lack of predicitve force in dominant paradigm

A
  • culture isn’t evenly distributed in dimensions
  • non-cultural context has an impact on interaction
  • culture and cult. identity are very heterogeneous and individual
  • cult. identity is dynamic
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3
Q

2 ways of intercultural interaction

A 
conflict culture (dominant paradigm)
construcctivist culture (1st perspective)
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4
Q

what is constructivist culture? goal and benefits

A

tries to create meaning and action
good in intercultural and multicultural moments
supports adaptation

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5
Q

strategies in constructivist model or competencies

A

affective
behavioural
cognitive

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6
Q

affective comp

A

empathy, openness to other ideas, sense of adventure, resilience, awareness and self-reflection

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7
Q

behavioural comp

A

language skilks
rapport mgmt skills
conventions and politness

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8
Q

cognitive skills

A

detailed knowledge of own and other culture

know how to decode situation culturally

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9
Q

2 ways of describing culture

A

emic (internal)

etic (external)

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10
Q

emic

A

understand a culture in itself

inside approach

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11
Q

etic

A 
understand culture as an outsider
external frameworks (e.g Hofstede, Trompenaars, Lewis, Wetzel-Ingellot)
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12
Q

external culture frameworks

A

trompenaars, hofstede, lewis (triangle?), welzel-ingellot

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13
Q

What does WASP stand for?

A

White Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture

  • contradictory roots (puritan/religious but also liberty and enlightment)
  • upper-middle class
  • american protestans, descendants of north-europeans
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14
Q

WASP elements

A

emotional reservation, law politics and business (rational), spirit of capitalism but at the same time calvinists

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15
Q

Describe US-American Culture

A
  • protestant => calvin, religious, individualistic
  • mechanistic world view => rational
  • antrophocentrism => individual is the centre of the universe (in your hand)
  • enlightment => natural rights for everyone, social contract
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16
Q

What about Protestantism / Calvinists?

A

Work hard for your profession, don’t experience pleasure

  • critisizes corruption of catholic church
  • focuses on direct relationships rather than god
  • salvation through rejection of sacraments
  • predestination => hope for the best
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17
Q

signs of salvation in calvinists

A
  • constant faith (inward)
  • life is planned according to god (work hard, no pleasure)
  • success (outward)

-> systematic self control/discipline and resoinsibility
economics are just for their sake not to satisfy needs

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18
Q

economic effects of calvinism in american culture

A

accumulation of growth, upword spiral

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19
Q

american culture with protestantism and capitalism

A
  1. wealth goes up, secularism increases
  2. predestination =/= individual freedom (contradict)
  3. frugality is not ideal for growth
  4. enlightment => more secularism & political freedom
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20
Q

am.culture ist dank predestination

A

self-made-man idea

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21
Q

am. cult dank afterlife focus

A

voll auf professional progress

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22
Q

am. cult. dank frugality

A

consumption (contraticts)

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23
Q

von kirche

A

zu weltlich

24
Q

america is geographically

A

limitless individual opportunities for progress

high diversity (thanks to immigration)

still ONE COUNTRY (from WASPs pluribus unum)

25
Q

why good to be rich

A
  • utilitiy
  • comfort
    (these two become less, diminishing returns -> sustainability)
  • early retirement
  • high posistion => status
26
Q

managing intercultural interaction: what do you have to know?

A

relationships need trust (hard to build)
there is implicit understanding and communication
cultures manage relationships differently
balance between performance and relationships is different

27
Q

competencies for intercult. interaction and management

A
  • understand yourself and others
  • clarify objectives&tasks
  • involve and motivate
  • resolve conflicts
  • leverage assets of community/interculturality
  • language and non-verbal communication
28
Q

Triangle is made of

A

Culture, Situation, Person (Individual) => ACTION in the middle

29
Q

what do we know thanks to triangle?

A
  • context is key
  • situation from internal/external POV (mood/health and weather/location)
  • no stereotypes in a culture
  • multifaceted cultures (language, ethnic, region, nationality…)
  • different personality types
30
Q

personality type categories

A

outside relations -> extro/intro
object/subjective -> sensing / intuition
universalist/particularist -> thinking / feeling
uncertainty avoidance -> judging / perceiving

31
Q

two main skills of a manager

A

decentre -> accept difficulties and differences without judging them

recentre -> agree/negotiate a shared way of working

choose the best suited communication style with each person

32
Q

other skills of a manager / so in intercultural

A
  • focus on goals with flexible approach
  • be pragmatic / not dogmatic!
  • know your limits (moral & legal limits)
33
Q

communication styles and their negative points

A
  • big picture (- don’t convince pragmatic peeps)
  • details (- reflection on individual roles, not whole team)
  • top down (- not for non-hierarchical cultures)
  • bottom up (- loss of focus, not for hierarchichal cultures)
  • individual talk (- no team spirit)
  • team talk (- not all individuals buy in and you may not notice)
34
Q

Affective / Attitudinal Competencies

A
  • spirit of adventure (new things, open)
  • self-awareness (empathy)
  • acceptance (readiness to listen&accept, principal/practical acceptance)
  • coping (methods for dealing with stress, look for sth good)
  • flexibility (know your limits, hard for universalists)
  • resilience (make mistakes, bounce back optimistic, confidence for critique)
  • inner purpose (set of values+beliefs, sense of direction)
35
Q

CHINA and Trompenaars

A
  • particularist (guanxi)
  • communitarian (rice-culture)
  • neutral (emotion managed -> only as a boss rude (power-distance))
  • diffuse (guanxi -> networks)
  • synchronous (easy to change plans and contracts, commitment is intention, low uncertainty avoidance)
  • ascriptive (status given by rank = teachers, superiors)
  • external (from taoism)
36
Q

high context communication

A

a lot of implicit stuff: read between the lines, tone, how expressed, indirect
e.g. CHINA

37
Q

Taoism main concept and the 3 treasures

A

Unity, Harmony, Complementarity
-> effortless action, go with the flow and the will of the universe

3 treasures : compassion (ci), moderation (jian), humility (bugan wei tianxia xian)

38
Q

what is a junzi?

A

wise person, comes from confucianism

39
Q

describe confucianism and main assumptions

A
  • social & ethical philosophy (NOT a religion)
  • male behaviour based

assumptions:

  • people are basically good
  • don’t question the boss / superiors
  • only friends have mutual trust, reliability & level
40
Q

5 virtues of confucianism

A

5 virtues

  • Ren = benevolence, charity, humanity
  • Yi = honesty, uprightness (ZHONG-> doing your best, considerate others)
  • Li = correct behaviour according to rituals, ceremonies
  • Zhi = Knowledge
  • Xin = faithfulness, integrity
41
Q

XIAO - 5 relationships

A

confucianism

  • parent / child
  • elder / younger
  • ruler / subject
  • man / woman
  • friend = friend

don’t question superiors!

42
Q

guanxi

A

social networks, reciprocity, mutual trust
favors become bigger each time
everything is connected (friend groups)

  • long-term (takes a lot of time)
  • insiders / outsiders => as a manager its very important to have trust
43
Q

mianzi

A

face / social image

  • social standing in a group
  • reputation and perception of your character
  • group loses face together
  • only exists in relation to your group
  • rituals manage this
44
Q

Education in China

A
  • knowledge
  • social competition
  • authority of teacher
  • importance of face of the teacher (don’t ask hard questions)
  • theory based, gather knowledge
  • top-down
45
Q

BRAZIL and Tropmenaars

A
  • high uncertainty avoidance (hofstede) -> catholic, bueraucracy
  • particularist / communiatrian -> in/out groups
  • diffuse -> relationships very important
  • ascriptive medium -> in-groups are preferred
  • synchronoic
  • present/future oriented
  • internal (both because of colonial past => you have it in your hands)
  • HIGH CONTEXT (don’t critique directly)
46
Q

Catholicism

A

Roman

  • patriarchal hierarchy
  • collective and particularist care (in-groups are from religion)

very different from calvinists

  • low sense of urgency => salvation anytime
  • low self-discipline => confess = Absolution
  • high enjoyment thanks to status => roman, indulgence
  • show your status
47
Q

BRazilian Carnival

A

culture fusion

african(samba)
catholic
native americans (hairdress)
nature = colors
hedonistic = lust, naughty, happiness (catholic)
display yourselfe
collective
subversice-conservative (genderroles
48
Q

Jeitinho

A

art of improvisation

49
Q

cocept of predestination (Calvinist)

A

all is willed by god, if you are meant for salvation you’re lucky, calvinist hope that they are salved
radical -> mechanical world view

50
Q

outward/inward sign of salvation

A

inward: you have faith always
outward: you reject sacraments and intervention of saints, success in professional life

51
Q

why is accumulation of material wealth good according to calvinists?

A

you always have to work, economic activity is for its own saken not to satisfy needs
systematic self-control and discipline, not for pleasure

52
Q

problem in calvinists economy

A

they work super hard => a lot of supply

but restrain themselves => no demand

53
Q

effects of enlightenment, predestination, frugality and wealth on american culture

A
  • natural rights for everyone, political freedom, pursuit of happiness
  • not really individual freedom
  • bad for growth / consumption
  • wealth -> more secular
54
Q

pluribus unum

A

one of many => one Country of many people, melting pot

comes from WASPs

55
Q

jeithino pros and cons

A

pros: good in very poor countries and necessary for survival, solve problems and improivse
cons: can be seen as cheating (western), law ist just intention => tendency to break rules

IMS Jana Cards (2 decks)

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