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British Empire 1857-1890 > India > Flashcards

India Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in 1877?

A

Disraeli gave Queen Victoria the title Empress of India

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2
Q

When did Disraeli give Queen Victoria the title Empress of India?

A

1877

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3
Q

Who gave Queen Victoria the title Empress of India?

A

Disraeli

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4
Q

What did the title Empress of India do?

A
  • gave her no additional powers
  • reiterated British superiority over other colonial powers
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5
Q

Causes of the Indian mutiny

A
  • poor wages
  • insensitive British policies
  • Rumours of the Enfield rifle cartridges being greased in pork and beef fat, violating Hindu and Muslim beliefs
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6
Q

Example of an insensitive British policy

A

The Doctrine of Lapse

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7
Q

How long did Britain spend fighting the rebels?

A

Over a year

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8
Q

Why did Britain execute the Emporer’s sons?

A

So there was no chance to restore the Mughal Empire to the throne

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9
Q

British reaction to the Indian Mutiny

A
  • executed the Emperor’s sons
  • burned down Indian villages
  • fuelled Social-Darwinist and racist theories.
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10
Q

Benefits of the British Raj

A
  • railways
  • ended inhumane practices
  • cheap British goods
  • irrigation
  • education
  • jobs
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11
Q

Drawbacks of the British Raj

A
  • Poverty and famine were common
  • many indigenous industries collapsed
  • few received education
  • only 6% of land irrigated
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12
Q

Why did many indigenous industries collapse?

A

Couldn’t compete with the prices of British imports

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13
Q

What was created in 1858?

A

India Office

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14
Q

What does the India Office being separated from the Foreign office reflect?

A
  • the impact of the Indian Mutiny
  • the importance of British involvement in India
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15
Q

What was the India Office separate from?

A

The Foreign Office

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16
Q

What did the India Office do?

A

Handled Indian and East Asian affairs

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17
Q

The Government of India Act 1858

A

Control of the East India Company territories passed to the British Crown

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18
Q

Doctrine of Lapse

A

Ensured that Princely states fell under British rule when their rulers’ line of descent ended

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19
Q

Ensured that Princely states fell under British rule when their rulers’ line of descent ended

A

Doctrine of Lapse

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20
Q

Why was the Doctrine of Lapse removed?

A

To ensure the loyalty of princes

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21
Q

What was removed to ensure the loyalty of princes?

A

The Doctrine of Lapse

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22
Q

How many miles of railway track were added in the decade following the rebellion?

A

3000

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23
Q

What had Russia done by 1884?

A
  • expanded their empire to the borders of Afghanistan
  • began to construct a railway network
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24
Q

Russia had expanded their empire to the borders of where by 1884?

A

Afghanistan

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25
Q

Russia had expanded their empire to the borders of Afghanistan by what year?

A

1884

26
Q

Why did Britain fear Russia’s railway network?

A

It could carry an army to challenge the British position in India

27
Q

When was the Doctrine of Lapse abolished?

A

1858

28
Q

Examples of how the British showed greater respect to the Indians after the mutiny

A
  • more tolerance for traditions
  • Missionaries were discouraged
29
Q

How many British troops were there in India before the mutiny?

A

40,000

30
Q

How many British troops were there by the late 1880s?

A

70,000

31
Q

There were 70,000 British troops in India by what time?

A

late 1880s

32
Q

From which groups were troops recruited from in India after the mutiny?

A

Gurkhas and Sikhs

33
Q

Troops from which area were replaced?

A

Bengal

34
Q

Why were troops from Bengal replaced?

A

Had proven to be disloyal

35
Q

What were Indian soldiers not allowed to be in control of?

A

field artillery

36
Q

What position were Indians not allowed to hold?

A

officer ranking

37
Q

What did Amy Carmichael do in India?

A
  • published 35 books about her experiences
  • tried to rescue young girls forced into prostitution
38
Q

Which female missionary produced 35 books about her experiences?

A

Amy Carmichael

39
Q

Who did Disraeli appoint as Viceroy of India?

A

Robert Lytton

40
Q

When did Disraeli appoint Lytton as Viceroy of India?

A

1876

41
Q

What did Lytton do in 1878?

A

Invade Afghanistan

42
Q

What was the result of the invasion of Afghanistan?

A

British control over Afghanistan and the north-west frontier

43
Q

Who was the Viceroy of India in 1859-61?

A

Canning

44
Q

What reforms did Canning introduce to win the support of Indians?

A
  • some land and titles returned
  • increased educational establishments
  • created more positions in Indian government
45
Q

Cities where universities were established

A
  • Bombay
  • Madras
  • Calcutta
46
Q

How many Indians attended universities between 1857 and 1887?

A

60,000

47
Q

60,000 Indians attended universities between what years?

A

1857-87

48
Q

When was Canning the Viceroy?

A

1859-61

49
Q

Who visited India 4 times between 1866 and 1875?

A

Mary Carpenter

50
Q

Mary Carpenter visited India how many times between 1866 and 1875?

A

4

51
Q

Mary Carpenter visited India 4 times between what years?

A

1866-75

52
Q

What did Mary Carpenter establish?

A
  • schools for girls in Bombay and Ahmedaba
  • a college to train female Indian teachers
53
Q

Tea plantations increased from what in 1851 to what in 1871?

A

1 to 295

54
Q

Tea plantations increased from 1 to 295 between what years?

A

1851-71

55
Q

When was the Indian National Congress established?

A

1885

56
Q

Why was the Indian National Congress established?

A

To campaign for home rule

57
Q

What did the Indian National Congress criticise?

A
  • heavy taxation
  • restraints on Indian industry
58
Q

Investment in railways stimulated what?

A
  • trade
  • development of previously inaccessible areas
59
Q

Main exports from India

A
  • tea
  • indigo
  • spices
60
Q

What was done post 1857 in terms of military to lessen the risk of rebellion?

A
  • regiments of Indian troops separated from one another, and mixed by caste and religion to prevent any sense of unity
  • Indian troops were sometimes deployed abroad
61
Q

What did Gladstone do in India when he became PM?

A
  • Gave Indian local governments more power
  • reduced censorship

British Empire 1857-1890 (6 decks)

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