Indominatable: Steel Flashcards
Dislocations
Crystals in a piece of metal look like crazy paving, and inside those crystals are squiggly lines – these are dislocations
Malleability enabled by dislocations
When you bend a paperclip, it is in fact the metal crystals that are bending. If they didn’t bend, the paperclip would be brittle and snap like a stick. This plastic behavior is achieved by the dislocations moving within the Crystal. As they move they transfer small bits of the material from one side of the Crystal to the other.
Malachite
The greenish rock that when put into a fire and surrounded by red hot embers turns into copper.
Copper
The metal that results from placing malachite (a greenish rock) in a fire and surrounding it with red hot embers. Not very hard.
Saphire
Aluminum oxide is colorless if pure but becomes blue when it contains impurities of iron atoms.
Ruby
Aluminum oxide is colorless when pure but becomes a gem called Ruby when mixed with impurities of chromium
Bronze
An alloy of copper containing small amounts of tin or sometimes arsenic and is much stronger.
Gold
Another soft metal (like copper) but can be made much harder by adding small amounts of silver (makes it look whiter) or copper (makes it look redder).
Alloys
A mix of metals in which a host metal’s crystal has some of its atoms replaced with (or squeezed between) another metal’s atoms. Alloys tend to be stronger than pure metals because the alloy atoms have different size and chemistry from the host metals Adams cause mechanical and electrical disturbances that make it more difficult for dislocations to move.
Steel
The alloy of iron and carbon (squeezed between the iron atoms, creating a stretched crystal). It is even stronger than bronze but can become brittle if too high in carbon concentration.
Iron
Found in almost every rock.
Carbon
It is present in the fuel of any fire and is often in the form of charcoal.
Bessemer process
Blowing air through the molten iron so that the oxygen in the air would react with the carbon in the iron and remove it as a carbon dioxide gas this reaction between oxygen and the carbon was extremely violent and gave off a lot of heat this raise the temperature of the steel keeping it liquid.
Stainless steel
carbon and chromium are both inserted inside the iron crystals.. Normally the iron in steel reacts with the oxygen over time and forms rust (iron (III) oxide. The rust corrodes. But in stainless steel, The chromium reacts with the oxygen before the iron can, creating chromium oxide. chromium oxide is transparent, hard, tasteless, and sticks well to steel. It creates a regenerative protective layer.
