industrial medicine

Question 1

who used inoculation?

Answer 1

Lady Mary Wortley

Question 2

what did Edward Jenner do and when

Answer 2

1778 - published ideas
tested theory that cow pox prevented smallpox on his gardener’s son

Question 3

when did the government make the smallpox vaccine compulsory

Answer 3

1852

Question 4

when was the germ theory created

Answer 4

1861

Question 5

who created the germ theory and what was it

Answer 5

louis pasteur
disease was caused by germs
( first was due to beer going bad)

Question 6

what did robert koch do

Answer 6

used chemical dyes and powerful miscroscopes to identify bacteria

Question 7

when did koch discover the bacteria that caused anthrax

Answer 7

1876

Question 8

which bacteria did koch discover in 1882

Answer 8

tuberculosis

Question 9

what vaccine did pasteur discover in 1885

Answer 9

rabies

Question 10

what did industrialisation lead to

Answer 10

overcrowding , slum housing, worsened sanitation

Question 11

what did chadwick do

Answer 11

investigated living conditions and the link to dirt and disease

Question 12

when did chadwick release his report

Answer 12

1842

Question 13

what did snow do

Answer 13

investigated cholera outbreak in soho
cholera passed through dirty water

Question 14

when did snow do this

Answer 14

1854

Question 15

what was the great stink and when

Answer 15

1858
thames smelt so bad that parliament was closed

Question 16

what did bazalgette do and when

Answer 16

built new sewer network in london
by 1865 he had built 1300 miles of sewers

Question 17

what did the public health act state

Answer 17

authorities provide clean water, sanitation, paved streets, sewers and drains

Question 17

when was the compulsory public health act passed

Answer 17

1875

Question 17

when did nightingale go to the crimea

Answer 17

1854

Question 17

why did the quality of hospitals vary

Answer 17

charitable foundations

Question 17

what did nightingale do

Answer 17

cleaned up the hospitals and cared for patients

Question 18

statistic for death rate due to nightingale

Answer 18

reduced death rate from 40% to 2%

Question 19

what was the name of nightingales book and when was it published

Answer 19

1859
notes on nursing

Question 20

why didn’t cure alls help treat disease

Answer 20

often contained dangerous chemicals such as arsenic and lead

Question 21

what patient medicine was established

Answer 21

boots and beechams

Question 22

what was the life expectancy in 1900

Answer 22

remained low
46 for men
50 for women

Question 23

what was used before simpson

Answer 23

very limited anaesthetics
ether was used but was very dangerous

Question 24

when did simpson make his discovery and what was it

Answer 24

1847
chloroform

Question 25

what did simpsons discovery enable for doctors

Answer 25

carry out more complex operations

Question 26

what was listers idea and when was it

Answer 26

1867
add carbolic acid to sterilise hands and instruments before surgery/ treatments

Question 27

what was the impact of listers discovery

Answer 27

cut death rate down from 46% to 15%
but also there was an inabilty to replace blood loss so surgery still dangerous