Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 1

the increase of food supply lead to a giant increase of population in Britain.

Question 2

Enclosure Acts

Answer 2

when big land owners in parliament voted to take away public land and common farming lands to make them their own

Question 3

crop rotation

Answer 3

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fetility of the land

Question 4

factors of production

Answer 4

the resources–including land, labor, and capital–that are needed to produce goods and services

Question 5

industrialization

Answer 5

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

Question 6

factory

Answer 6

a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods

Question 7

entrepreneur

Answer 7

a person who organized, manages, and takes on the risks of business

Question 8

urbanization

Answer 8

the growth and building of cities and the migration of people into them

Question 9

middle class

Answer 9

social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

Question 10

stock

Answer 10

certain rights of ownership

Question 11

corporation

Answer 11

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Question 12

Crystal Palace

Answer 12

huge glass iron structure built at request of Queen Victoria and her husband where countries came together to display their advances in technology.

Question 13

Wealth of Nations

Answer 13

Book written by Adam Smith about laissez faire

Question 14

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 14

founder of Utilitarianism

Question 15

laissez faire

Answer 15

no government interventions in economics

Question 16

Adam Smith

Answer 16

professor, defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets.
Book: The Wealth of Nations about laissez faire
He was a big part of capitalism.

Question 17

capitalism

Answer 17

an economic system in which the factors if production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit

Question 18

utilitarianism

Answer 18

the theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that the government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 19

socialism

Answer 19

an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Question 20

Karl Marx

Answer 20

founder of Communism

Question 21

communism

Answer 21

an economic system in which all means of production–land mines, factories, railroads, and businesses–are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally.

Question 22

union

Answer 22

an association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

Question 23

strike

Answer 23

to refuse work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

Question 24

Thomas Malthus

Answer 24

Book: Essay on the Principle of Population.

Population increases more rapidly than the food supply without wars, famine, and disease.

Question 25

David Ricardo

Answer 25

Book: Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. 
He believed that a permanent underclass would always be poor. Wages would be forced down as population increased

Question 26

John Stuart Mill

Answer 26

Lead the utilitarian movement in the 1800s. Called for government to do away with great differences in wealth. Wished to help ordinary people with policies that would lead to a more equal division of profits.
Favored a cooperative system of agriculture and woman’s rights.

Question 27

3 natural laws of economics

Answer 27

the law of self interest
the law of competition
the law of supply and demand

Question 28

Chartist movement

Answer 28

19th century Britain, members if the working class demanded reforms in parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men, rights to strike, and improved labor conditions.

Question 29

suffrage

Answer 29

the right to vote

Question 30

Queen Victoria

Answer 30

During her reign Britain reached the height of its wealth and power.

Question 31

Third Republic

Answer 31

the republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the German occupation of France during WWII.

Question 32

anti-Semitism

Answer 32

prejudice against Jews

Question 33

Dreyfus Affair

Answer 33

When a Colonel in the French military was blamed for espionage and was sent to Devil’s Island for punishment.

Question 34

Luddites

Answer 34

a group of people who smashed the machines in factories because they believed that the machines were taking their jobs

Question 35

Irish Republican Army

Answer 35

an unofficial nationalists military force seeking independence for Ireland from Great Britain

Question 36

assembly line

Answer 36

in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in its manufacture.

Question 37

Charles Darwin

Answer 37

Developed a theory that all forms of life evolved from earlier living forms that had existed millions of years ago. (Theory of evolution)

Question 38

theory of evolution

Answer 38

the idea, proposed by Charles Darwin, that species of plants and animals arise by means of a process of natural selection

Question 39

Radioactivity

Answer 39

a form of energy released as atoms decay

Question 40

psychology

Answer 40

the study of the human mind and human behavior

Question 41

mass culture

Answer 41

the appeal of art, writing, music; and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience

Question 42

Communist Manifesto

Answer 42

book written by Karl Marx

Question 43

Why did the Industrial revolution start in England?

Answer 43

• new ways of transportation
• agricultural revolution
• natural resources
• increase in pop (greater labor supply)
• stable political situation (urbanization)
• a lot of wealth to invest