Infection

Question 1

when does an infection occur

Answer 1

when the anatomical defence, inflammatory defence, and immune response failed

Question 2

factors needed for an infection to occur

Answer 2

• a source
• susceptible person
• transmission

Question 3

different types of transmissions

Answer 3

• contact
• droplet (coughs)
• airborne (lasts long time)
• puncture

Question 4

factors that promote bacterial growth in the body

Answer 4

• extra glucose (food)
• water (moist environment)
• oxygen
• temperature
• pH (7)
• dark environments

Question 5

exposure stage

Answer 5

pathogen breaks through the 3 protective mechanisms anatomy, inflammation, immunity

Question 6

incubation stage

Answer 6

when exposure occurs to first onset of symptoms (most infectious)

Question 7

prodromal stage

Answer 7

Time from general symptoms to bigger symptoms of the illness (1-7 days)

Question 8

illness stage

Answer 8

symptoms specific to illness occur

Question 9

covalence stage

Answer 9

symptoms subside

Question 10

local infection

Answer 10

erythmia, edema, pain, heat, loss of function, exudate

Question 11

systemic s+s for local infection

Answer 11

fever (bacteria low and viral are high)
- tachycardia and tachypnea
- hypertension
- headache
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 12

systemic S+S for systemic infection (sepsis)

Answer 12

fever or hypothermia
- tachycardia, Brady cardia, tachypnea
- hypotension
- alterations in LOC
- oliguria

Question 13

what’s oliguria

Answer 13

decreased urine production

Question 14

what sign and symptoms will you notice in elderly who have an infection

Answer 14

change in LOC or behaviour before other signs and symptoms (fever)

Question 15

diagnostic CBC

Answer 15

• WBC (leukocytes)
• slightly elevated (11.5) = inflammation, moderate (15-20) = infection
• tests to see what is going through the blood stream but can’t pinpoint where infection is

Question 16

what is the order of BCs in infection

Answer 16

epinephrin
neutrophils
lymphocytes (B and T cells)
monocytes (cleaner)

Question 17

culture and sensitivity tests

Answer 17

swab site of infection
- get culture for what pathogen it is
- sensitivity (what antibiotic is useful)
- 72 hrs)

Question 18

Blood cultures diagnostics

Answer 18

test blood for infection
- tests both aerobic and anaerobic environments

Question 19

bacteremia

Answer 19

indicates bacteria in blood but need to act fast before it goes sepsis

Question 20

sepsis

Answer 20

infection has spread to body and damaging organs

Question 21

interventions (nurse)

Answer 21

monitor vital signs
- fluid and nutrion intake
- frequent ambulation
- screen guests
- personal hygiene

Question 22

active immunity

Answer 22

body makes antibodies
- naturally after exposure
- vaccine
-life long

Question 23

passive immunity

Answer 23

• given antibodies
• fetus through placenta or baby through breast milk
• not life long (die off when cells die)

Question 24

humoral immunity

Answer 24

helper T cells support B cells to produce antibodies