Infection

Question 1

Invasion of the body with agents that have the potential to cause disease. (get it from each other; on our hands and on our body than touch something) Contagious, Communitaquired or Hospital Acquired.

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

Who is the most susceptible of an infection?

Answer 2

Elderly and children

Question 3

Bacteria Infectious Agents

Answer 3

-staphylococcal, E. coli.
-Aerobic and anaerobic
-Multidrug resistance
-Greatest risk of death
-antibiotic can kill

Question 4

Virus Infectious Agents

Answer 4

-covid
-DNA or RNA
-Self-limiting; needs a host
-not treatment just to treat the symptoms
-has to run its course

Question 5

Infection Transmission/Chain of Infection

Answer 5

-Infectious pathogen
-Appropriate reservoir
-Exit route
-Method of transmission
-Portal of entry
-Susceptible host

Question 5

Fungi Infectious Agents

Answer 5

-Yeast or Molds
-Superficial, intermediate, deep
-can be life threatening and can affect breathing and outcome of patients

Question 6

are acquired in the community setting, are infectious contagious diseases, can be on surfaces or on the body like hands.

Answer 6

Communicable acquired illness

Question 7

produce clusters of signs and symptoms that reflect dysfunction of the organs or tissues that the microorganisms have invaded (school, jail) examples of community acquired illness are covid, common colds, flu, pink eye, strep

Answer 7

Community-acquired/HAI Acquired illness

Question 8

acquired in a healthcare agency; illness a patient gets from the hospital; like C. diff and covid. People go into the hospital without covid but get it while there. If patient suddenly has new symptoms they didn’t have before in hospital admission

Answer 8

Nosocomial/Hospital acquired illness

Question 9

nonpathogenic or remotely pathogenic microorganisms overwhelm host

Answer 9

Opportunistic/Super infection

Question 10

measures for reducing the risk of transmitting pathogens. what you do for every patient

Answer 10

Standard precaution

Question 11

Staph and MRSA infections

Answer 11

Transmission based precautions

Question 12

-Clean uniforms (remove shoes before going into home so your not spreading illness through your home)
-Hand Hygiene
-Do not wear jewelry(can carry pathogens)/ long nails
-Remain home when ill; advise sick visitors to not come
-Protect immunosuppressed clients from pathogens

Answer 12

Transmission based precaution

Question 13

Diagnostic test for infections

Answer 13

-WBC: elevated with infection
-Culture and sensitivity: what type of bacteria- blood culture and start broad spectrum antibiotics. To see if there is bacterial growth usually takes 72 hours. To find out what antibiotic medication will be best to kill that infection
-Stool sample: parasites or see if they have C. diff.
-Skin test: swab (fungal infections or if a cut has become infected) or intradermal injection (TB test) (strep test)
-Immunological test: presence of antigens (blood test for varicella virus to see that you have antigens for that virus)

Question 14

Medical management for infections

Answer 14

-Supportive- Fluid and electrolyte replacement, lots of rest, BRAT diet high protein diet
-Drug administration- give anti retiges meds to take fever down or reduce cramps or muscle cramps
-Debridement/ Removal- clean and scrap all the infection out so it doesn’t spread more
-Immunosuppressed: bone marrow transplant, Neupogen (WBC production), keep away from sick people, give private room or if they have a roommate then they aren’t sick with anything, always doing precautions
-Preventing/controlling the spread of infection (wash hands, keep room clean)- making sure to check the fever is coming down and the lab results

Question 15

generalized infection affecting the whole body

Answer 15

Sepsis

Question 16

What WBC count will someone have that is septic?

Answer 16

Greater than 12000 cells/mm3 or 10% immature (band) forms

Question 17

What temperature do you expect someone with sepsis to have?

Answer 17

great than 100.4 F (38 C) or less than 96.8 F (36 C)

Question 18

-Temperature greater than 100.4°F (38°C) or less than 96.8°F (36°C)
-Heart rate greater than 90 beats/min
-Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 less than 32 mm Hg (respiratory alkalosis secondary to hyperventilation)
-WBC count greater than 12,000 cells/mm3 or 10% immature (band) forms
-The body uses an inflammatory response to suppress the infectious process. Once the proinflammatory mechanisms achieve a beneficial effect, the body releases antiinflammatory mediators to restore homeostasis. (keep patient hydrated)
-Change in mental status, forgetful, not knowing where they are
-Diagnostics: blood cultures from 2 sites and lactate level. Always get cultures before starting the broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 18

Sepsis

Question 19

For a patient to be possible sepsis they need how many of the sepsis characteristics?

Answer 19

2 or more

Question 20

Alkalosis, other organs start to fail

Answer 20

Severe Sepsis