Infection

Question 1

criteria for sepsis?

Answer 1

SIRS + suspected/proven infection

Question 2

SIRS symptoms?

Answer 2

fever or hypothermia
tachycardia
tachypnoea
leucocyte or leukocytopenia

Question 3

diagnosis for severe sepsis?

Answer 3

sepsis + multi organ failure in 2 or more:

• resp failure
• renal failure
• neurological failure

Question 4

what is ARDS?

Answer 4

acute respiratory distress syndrome

inflammatory response in the lungs

Question 5

most responsible pathogen in neonates?

Answer 5

group B streptococci

Question 6

most responsible pathogen in children?

Answer 6

streptococcus pneumonia

Question 7

sepsis investigations?

Answer 7

bloods - FBC/CRP/coagulation
CSF - cell count/culture protein
Urine culture
Skin biopsy culture
imaging - CT head

Question 8

sepsis treatment?

before investigation

Answer 8

supportive ABC + glucose
antibiotics with broad spectrum and good CSF penetration
3rd gen cephalosporins

Question 9

what medication to add in neonates?

Answer 9

amoxicillin

Question 10

meningitis in neonates cause?

Answer 10

Group B Streptococci

Question 11

meningitis in children cause?

Answer 11

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 12

meningitis symptoms in children?

Answer 12

nuchal rigidity
headaches, photophobia
diminished consciousness
focal abnormalities
seizures

Question 13

meningitis symptoms in neonates?

Answer 13

lethargy + irritability
bulging fontanelle
seizures

Question 14

pneumococcal meningitis complications? (3)

Answer 14

brain damage
hearing loss
hydrocephalus

Question 15

treat streptococci infection with?

Answer 15

penicillin

Question 16

treat staphylococci infection with?

Answer 16

flucloxacillin

Question 17

who gets Strep A infection?

Answer 17

2-8 years old

winter time

Question 18

scarlet fever incubation?

Answer 18

2-4 days

Question 19

scarlet fever symptoms?

Answer 19

malaise
fever
pharyngitis
rash
strawberry tongue
squamation (hands and feet)

Question 20

what is Kawasaki disease?

Answer 20

self-limited vasculitis of medium-sized arteries

Question 21

diagnosis of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 21

fever for 5 days plus:
bilateral conjunctival injection
cracked lips/strawberry tongue
cervical lymphadenopathy
polymorphous rash
changes of extremities

Question 22

Kawasaki treatment aim?

Answer 22

prevent complications - coronary aneurysm

Question 23

Kawasaki treatment?

Answer 23

immunoglobulins
steroids
aspirin
cardiology assessment

Question 24

what viruses in hand-foot-mouth disease?

Answer 24

enteroviruses - enterovirus 71 & coxsackie A16

Question 25

who gets hand-foot-mouth disease?

Answer 25

children less than 10

Question 26

hand-foot-mouth disease symptoms?

Answer 26

exanthema

painful lesions

Question 27

immunodeficiencies SPUR F?

Answer 27

Serious
Persistent
Unusual
Recurrent
FH

Question 28

immunodeficiencies investigations?

Answer 28

Immunoglobulins
HIV test
functional ab
lymphocyte subsets
complement

Question 29

3 presentation types of immunodeficiency?

Answer 29

innate immune disorders
ab deficiency
cellular immunodeficiency