Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is a “point of care risk assessment”? (AKA PCRA)

What is the rule of thumb?

Answer 2

Assessement of the risk the patient is to spread an infectious diseaes.

Rule of thumb: if they are leaking or soiling the environment, limit their movement and protect yourself

Question 3

What are the four moments for hand hygiene?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the difference between washing with soap and water and alcohol hand rub?

Answer 4

Soap and water removes the organism

alcohol kills the organism

Question 5

Should you wear gloves when touching a rash?

Answer 5

Technically yes. It counts as non-intact skin.

Question 6

When to wear a mask, goggles, a gown?

Answer 6

Whenever there is likely to be splashes of body fluids.

Question 7

What is the difference between a regular mask and an N95 respirator?

Answer 7

Masks are used for droplet precautions, N95 are used for airborne precautions.

Question 8

What are routine practices?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are some environmental controls?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are some examples of source control?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are AGMPs?

Answer 11

aerosol generating medical procedures: e.g. CPR, intubation, bronchoscopy.

clear non-essential personnel.

Question 12

What are additional precautions? When are they used?

Answer 12

Implemented by nurses… you’ll see a sign on the door telling you what PPE you need and how to clean your hand. e.g. C. difficile infection.

Contact precautions (e.g. C. diff)

Droplet precautions (e.g. pertussis)

Airborne precautions (e.g. TB)

Airborne + contact

***it’s important that these precautions be placed on suspected cases in addition to diagnosed cases***

Question 13

“Epidemiologically significant organisms”

Answer 13

TB

C. diff

antibiotic resistant organisms (AROs)

Question 14

Define

• HAI
• SSI
• VAP
• CLI
• CDI
• ARO

Answer 14

HAI: health care associated infection
SSI: surgical site infection
VAP: ventilator associated pneumonia
CLI: central line infection
CDI: C. diff infection
ARO: antibiotic resistant organism

Question 15

Reportable diseases…some general categories

Answer 15

All food borne illness

Most STI (not HSV or HPV)

Congenital infections

Everything you can be vaccinated against….

Many, many more.

Note that there are provincially and nationally reportable disease.

Question 16

Who is at risk for Hep B?

Answer 16

• household contacts of Hep B positive individual
• infants born to infected mothers
• sexual contacts of Hep B pos. person
• IVDU
• MSM
• health care workers
• immigrants from endemic countries
• hemodialysis patients

Question 17

Who is at risk for Hep C?

Answer 17

• any IVDU
• HCW following needle stick
• children born ot Hep C positive mother
• HIV infection
• hemodialysis patients

Question 18

Contrast Hep B and Hep C transmission

Answer 18

Hep B: exposure to mucosal fluids

Hep C: primiarly through “large” percutaneous exposure to blood

Question 19

Types of vaccines

Answer 19

Question 20

Children are vaccinated against (14 things!):

Answer 20

tetanus

diphtheria

pertussis

Hep A and B

HiB

polio

pneumococcus

meningitis C

measles mumps rubella

varicella

rotavirus

influenza

HPV

Question 21

Current antibiotic resistant organisms of note

Answer 21

MRSA

VRE

ESBL

CRGNB (carbapenem resistant G(-) bacilli)

Macrolide resistant Strep. pneumoniae

Question 22

What are adverse effects of antibiotic use (not resistance related)?

Answer 22

allergy to AB

association with some other contemporary diseases (e.g. asthma, IBD)