Infectious Disease (not complete)

Question 1

Illness caused by an invasion of the human body by pathogenic microorganisms, which can produce harmful and potentially lethal consequences

Answer 1

Infectious Disease

Question 2

Organisms so small they are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen with a microscope.

They can be pathogens or non-pathogens

Answer 2

Microorganism

aka Microbe

Question 3

The presence and multiplication within a host of another living organism, resulting in subsequent injury to the host

Answer 3

Infection

Question 4

The ability of an organism to enter, multiply and survive in a host

Answer 4

Infectivity

Question 5

Any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism

Answer 5

Host

Ex. Humans supporting the growth of microorganisms

Question 6

The act of establishing a presence within a host

Answer 6

Colonization

Question 7

The disease producing potential of an invading organism

Answer 7

Virulence

Question 8

An organism so virulent that it is rarely found in the absence of disease

Answer 8

Pathogen

Question 9

A multitude of non-harmful bacteria inhabiting the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human body

Answer 9

Microflora
Aka
> Commensal Flora
> Normal Flora
> Resident Microbiotica

Question 10

Free living organisms that obtain nutrition from dead or decaying organic materials in the environment

Answer 10

Saprophytes

Question 11

An organism that produces an infectious disease only when the health and immunity of the host have been severely compromised

Answer 11

Opportunistic Pathogen

Question 12

Three types of Interactions between Host and the colonizing microorganisms

Answer 12

I) Commensalism
II) Mutualism
III) Parasitic

Question 13

The multitude of non-harmful bacteria inhabiting the internal and external exposed surfaces of the human body (microflora) acquire survival needs from the host, but the host is not adversely affected by this relationship

Answer 13

Commensalism

Question 14

Locations of normal flora in the human body

Answer 14

Skin, Nose/Pharynx, Mouth, Colon/Rectum, Vagina/Distal Urethra/Perineum

Question 15

An Interaction in which host and colonizing organism both derive benefits
(ex bacteria in intestines feed off undigested food also produce vitamins beneficial for humans)

Answer 15

Mutualism

Question 16

An interaction in which a colonizing organism benefits and the host sustains injury

Answer 16

Parasitic

Question 17

Agents of infectious disease

Answer 17

Prions, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Mycoplamas, Fungi, Parasites

Question 18

> Agent of Infectious disease
Protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable genetic material
They are mutated forms of a normal host protein
Humans can get it by eating infected meat (Ex. Mad Cow Disease)

Answer 18

Prions

Question 19

4 agents of infectious disease that combine the combine the characteristics of viruses and bacteria.

They are like bacteria, but need to get into cells, and they are intracellular obligate like virus, but not a virus.

Answer 19

1) Rickettsia
2) Chlamydia
3) Coxiella
4) Mycoplasma

Question 20

Tiny gram negative bacteria that lives inside a host cells (obligate intracellular parasites)

They are transmitted by insects

Answer 20

Rickettsia

Question 21

A primitive organism related to bacteria but lack many of the enzymes needed for metabolic processes

Common STI

Answer 21

Chlamydia

Question 22

Causes Q fever, an illness that presents with flu like symptoms and can progress to become systemic, affecting the heart, lungs and GI tract

Answer 22

Coxiella

Question 23

Commonly causes pneumonia.

These organisms lack a cell wall, therefore they are not affected by antimicrobial drugs

Answer 23

Mycoplasmas

Question 24

A cell that carries genetic material in a nucleus

Answer 24

Eukaryotic cell

Question 25

Cells that live off dead materials

Answer 25

Saprophytes

Question 26

Free living Eukaryotic Saprophytes found in every habitat on earth.

Some are normal human microflora.

Few are capable of causing disease in humans - mostly limited to skin infections

Answer 26

Fungi

Question 27

A harmless fungus normally present on the skin.

It may cause infection in oral cavity.

Most common vaginal infection

Answer 27

Candida

Question 28

2 types of fungi

Answer 28

1) Yeast

2) Mold

Question 29

Type of Fungi

Single celled organisms about the size of a Red Blood Cell.

They reproduce asexually through the budding process

Answer 29

Yeast

Question 30

Fungi that grows in long filaments called hyphae

Answer 30

Mold

Question 31

Members of the animal kingdom that infect and cause disease in another animal

Answer 31

Parasites

Question 32

Type of parasites that are unicellular eukaryotes and may reproduce sexually or asexually

Most are Saprophytes

Answer 32

Protozoa

Question 33

Worms aka

Roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, produce sexually

Answer 33

Helminths

Question 34

Ticks, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, mites, biting flies

Answer 34

Arthropods

Question 35

The study of factors, events and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious disease in the human population

Answer 35

Epidemiology

Question 36

Refers to the host, object, location or substance from which an infectious agent is aquired

Answer 36

Source of Infection

Question 37

Acquired from the hosts own microbial flora, as in the case of opportunistic infection

Answer 37

Endogenous

Question 38

Acquired from sources in the external environment such as water, food, air

Answer 38

Exogenous