Infectious Diseases

Question 0

What are trematodes and their distinguishing features? Give an example.

Answer 0

Trematodes are flukes. Unsegmented and flat. Eg. Schistosoma haematobium which infects veins and bladder

Question 1

What are cestodes and their distinguishing features? Give an example.

Answer 1

Cestodes are tapeworms. Flat and segmented. Eg. Taenia saginata with cattle as intermediate host.

Question 2

What are nematodes?

Answer 2

Nematodes are round worms which are cylindrical and have a digestive tract

Question 3

What is an example of yeast infection and what does it do?

Answer 3

Yeast: cryptococcous neoformans which infects the immunity and causes meningitis.

Question 4

Give two examples of a moult infection and what they do?

Answer 4

Moulds: Tinea pedis (athletes foot) and Tinea corporis (ring worm).

Question 5

Give an example of a bacterial infection.

Answer 5

Streptococcus pneumoniae. (Pneumococcous). Gram positive. Diplococci.

Question 6

Give an example of a latent virus.

Answer 6

Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox) remains dormant in sensory nerve roots but reactivates causing shingles.

Question 7

What is Epstein Barr virus and what does it cause?

Answer 7

Epstein B causes glandular fever by effecting B cells. Can cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma and HIV related lymphoma.

Question 8

What is the most common cause of cystitis (UTI)?

Answer 8

The most common cause of cystitis is E. coli (gram negative bacillus).

Question 9

What is endocarditis?

Answer 9

Endocarditis is where mouth flora (streptococci) enters the blood and reaches the heart valves.

Question 10

Give examples of exogenous infection (communicable).

Answer 10

Impetigo: direct contact (staphylococci or streptococci)
MRSA, C Diff, norovirus not washed hands.
Tetanus -> dirty wound (clostridium tetani)