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Pharmacology > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How is infection spread

A
  1. person to person contact
  2. sharing equipment
  3. clothing, towels
  4. pools or whirlpool surfaces
  5. showering facilities
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2
Q

Fungal and bacterial infections thrive in what type of environment

A

moist and warm conditions that occur during physical exertion and warm hydrotherapies

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3
Q

How can you help prevent spread of infection

A
  1. wash hands

2. routinely cleaning/disinfecting shared equipment/surfaces

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4
Q

What are medications that kill or inhibit bacterial growth

A

antibiotics

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5
Q

What are adverse effects of orthopedic infections

A
  1. slowed recovery
  2. permanent joint damage
  3. amputation
  4. non-union in cases of fx
  5. removal of implanted hardware
  6. death due to sepsis
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6
Q

What are common bacterial dermatologic conditions in athletes

A

impetigo and folliculitis

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7
Q

Common bacterial infections in older adults

A

UTI and pneumonias

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8
Q

What are initial signs of infection in older adults

A

Acute confusion and delirium

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9
Q

What are general antibiotic ADRs

A
  1. Allergic reaction
  2. diarrhea
  3. Abdominal cramps
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10
Q

What are signs of immediate allergic reaction

A
  1. hives

2. signs of anaphylactic reaction

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11
Q

What are signs of anaphylactic reactions

A
  1. SOA
  2. chest tightness
  3. wheezing
  4. swelling of lips/face/throat/tongue
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12
Q

what is pathology associated with severe diarrhea

A

Clostridium difficile diarrhea

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13
Q

Signs of C. Diff.

A
  1. Watery stools 7 or more times per day with abdominal cramping and tenderness that lasts more than 3 days
  2. can be accompanied by fever, blood or pus in stool, dehydration, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss
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14
Q

Signs of cellulitis

A
  1. redness
  2. tenderness
  3. swelling
  4. puss
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15
Q

Signs of respiratory infection

A
  1. pain
  2. pressure
  3. fever
  4. increased WBC count
  5. Cough
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16
Q

What is checked in elderly population to check for delirum

A

Elevated WBC count

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17
Q

What do Fluoroquinolone antibiotics treat

A
  1. Community acquired pneumonia
  2. UTI
  3. Kidney infection
  4. Prostate infection
  5. serious hospital infections
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18
Q

Adverse effects of FQ

A
  1. Tendonitis

2. Tendon rupture (achilles, shoulder, hands)

19
Q

Pathophysiology of FQ

A

Ca and Mg dysregulation on bone and skeletal muscles

20
Q

Antifungals and Fungal Infection medications

A
  1. Butenafine
  2. Clotrimazole
  3. Miconazole
  4. Nystatin
  5. Terbinafine
  6. Toinaftate
21
Q

Butenafine

A

Cream for superficial dermatologic fungal infections

22
Q

Clotrimazole

A

cream for superficial dermatological fungal infections

23
Q

Miconazole

A

powder and spray for superficial dermatological fungal infections

24
Q

Nystatin

A

Cream, ointment, powders for superficial dermatological candidate infections

25
Q

Terbinafine

A
  1. Oral tablets for finer/toenail infections

2. Cream for superficial dermatological fungal infections

26
Q

Tolnaftate

A

Cream, powder, spray for superficial dermatological fungal infections

27
Q

Tinea infections of skin pathophysiology

A

Infection does not involve living tissue but the superficial layers of skin only

28
Q

How are tine infections of the skin spread

A

contact with infected person, clothing, or surface. The dermophyte attaches to keratinized cells leading to thickening of the cells

29
Q

Non-pharmacolocial treatment of tine infections

A
  1. clean infected area daily with sap/water
  2. dry completely before dressing
  3. change socks 2-3 times per day for tine pedis
  4. wear protective footwear in public shower and pool areas
30
Q

Most superficial dermatological infections are treated with what

A

topical antifungals

31
Q

For infections with inflammation what should be applied

A

topical steroid

32
Q

How far beyond the infected area should the topical drug be applied

A

1 inch beyond infected area

33
Q

How long should medication be applied after infection is cleared?

A

1-2 weeks

34
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Athletes foot

35
Q

Treatment for tinea pedis

A

Treat once or twice daily generally for 4 weeks

36
Q

Tinea corporis

A

ring worm of the body

37
Q

Treatment for tinea corporis

A

treat once or twice daily generally for 2 weeks

38
Q

Tinea cruris

A

jock itch

39
Q

Treatment for tinea cruris

A

treat once or twice daily for 2 weeks

40
Q

Tinea capitis

A

ring worm of the scalp

41
Q

Treatment of tinea capitis

A

this is an infection within the hair follicle therefore topical creams/ointments will not adequately penetrate. Oral therapy 6-8 weeks necessary

42
Q

What oral medications treat tinea capitis

A

griseofulvin

itraconazole

43
Q

Adjunct to oral medication with tinea capitis

A

topicals (creams/ointments/solutions/ or ketoconazole shampoo)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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