Inflammation Flashcards
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Erythema (Redness) Fever Edema (Swelling) Pain Loss of Function
What is the “hallmark” of acute inflammation?
Influx of PMNs. (Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Mast Cells)
Which cytokines induce inflammation?
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a
What do cytokines of inflammation target in the brain, liver, and bones?
Brain: Hypothalmus to induce fever
Liver: Induce Hyperferremia, make more fibrinogen and complement, and slow production of Albumin
Bones: Area of Hematopoiesis. Make more selective white blood cells (neutrophils)
What is one effect that fibrinogen has in inflammation?
Increase the rate of RBC ESR, Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate.
What are the function of Complement Proteins during inflammation?
Chemotoxins: attract WBC to area
Opsonins: C3b for phagocytosis
Anaphylatoxins: C3a C5a for mast cell degranulation (allergic response)
What are the levels of CRP during inflammation? What is CRP?
Increase to 1000x normal
C-Reactive Protein: Helps with opsonization of invaders, activates complement, and stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines from phagocytosis.
What are Kinins? (Bradykinin)
A group of plasma proteins that induce vasodilation. Sometimes cause pain during inflammation
What does Ferritin do?
Reduces the amount of iron in an infected area.
What are three cell-derived vasodilators?
Nitric Oxide
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites (Thromboxane, Prostaglandins, Leukotrines)
*These also cause fever and pain
Histamine and Serotonin (Mast Cells)
What triggers the inflammazome, and what makes it so special?
IL-1
It is the target for many anti-inflammatory therapies because it causes different cascade effects in inflammation.
Explain Extravasation
Use of Selectins and Integrins
What is LAD?
It is Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency: characterized by recurrent unhealed wounds without any pus and neutrophilia
What are the 5 R’s of remission?
Removal Restoration Regeneration Remission (of fever) Relief (of pain)
What is the “hallmark” of chronic inflammation?
Infiltration of tissue by monocytes/macrophages
