Inheritance + populations (hardy weinberg) Flashcards
what is the definition of genotype
genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism
genotypes are the genes
what is the phenotype
phenotype is the expression of this genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment.
phenotype is what we see ( how the genes express)
what are alleles
different versions of the same gene
what is meant by the term dominant
the dominant allele masks the effect of the other.
what is meant by the term codominant
both alleles are expressed so the phenotype is a combination of both alleles e.g. red and white alleles making pink phenotype
what is meant by the term recessive
the recessive allele is masked by a dominant one
what is meant by homozygous
both alleles at a specific gene locus are the same. could be homozygous recessive or dominant
what is meant by the term heterozygous
the alleles at a specific gene locus are different
what does monohybrid inheritance mean
the inheritance of a single gene e.g. plant height
what does dihybrid inheritance mean
the inheritance of two separate genes on separate chromosome
what is meant by sex linkage
sex linkage is when an allele that codes for a characteristic is found on the sex chromosome. It is therefore inherited with the sex
e.g gene for colour vision, haemophilia
what is meant by autosomal linkage
autosomal linkage is when two genes are found on the same chromosome they are therefore very likely to be inherited together
the closer two genes are, the more likely they are to be inherited together
multiple alleles
when there are more than two alleles
e.g. blood group A B O
what is the formula for chi squared
(Observed-Expected)^2/Expected
^2= squared
/=divided by
epistasis
the interaction of one gene upon another gene