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KIN 240 > Injury Identification > Flashcards

Injury Identification Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of tissue response to strain without deformation is plastic of elastic response

A

elastic response

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2
Q

What is the yield point

A

tissue is brought to point of adaptation

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3
Q

When a force exceeds the ability to withstand, resulting in injury is called _______.

A

Tissue failure

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4
Q

4 types of tissue failure

A

strain
rupture
tear
fracture

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5
Q

the 5 mechanisms of tissue loading

A 
compression
tension
shearing
bending 
torsion
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6
Q

tension is …

A

pulling force which stresses tissue beyond the yeild point often resulting in sprain, strain or avulsion type injuries

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7
Q

What is shearing?

A

force moving across the parallel organization of tissue

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8
Q

What is bending?

A

three forces cause bending while structure is under axial load.

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9
Q

What is torsion?

A

loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from the opposite ends. likely to happen on long bones

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10
Q

The 3 levels if injury severity.

A

life threatening, serious, non-life threatening/non-serious

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11
Q

what is the difference between a serious and a non-life threatening/non-serious injury

A

serious injuries are likely to cause long term problems. Non-life threatening/non-serious is is shorter recovery time and not long lasting but rehabilitation is still necessary

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12
Q

The 3 injury classifications

A

Acute
Chronic
Recurrent

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13
Q

What are the signs of acute injury

A 
swelling
heat
altered function
redness
pain
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14
Q

What is a chronic injury

A

a number of small acute events or micro-traumas

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15
Q

What is the most effective way to manage a chronic injury

A

altering participation + rehabilitation

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16
Q

What kind of injury requires some form of immediate intervention

A

acute

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17
Q

Recurrent injuries happen when

A

when an injury healed in a weakened or stretched position often as a result of improper or vacant rehabilitation period

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18
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of injury

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Environmental

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19
Q

What are the 3 persons in an emergency action plan (EAP) and their roles

A

charge person - the person most capable to handle injury situations and provide first aid to athlete
call person - call ambulance when directed to do so. + relay info between charge person and EMS
Control Person - keep onlookers away/general assistance

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20
Q

The 4 things on the list of important facility information

A

address, access points, barriers, location of phones and emergency supplies

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21
Q

6 steps in activating an EAP

A
  1. activate protocol, call person calls ems, control person checks access points and equipment or aids
  2. charge person performs interventions to their capabilities
  3. control person meets ambulance, call person and charge person relay info
  4. ensure medical info card goes to the hostpital with the athlete
  5. have someone accompany the athlete
  6. complete injury report form
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22
Q

the 4 situations in which ems should be called

A

athlete:

  • is unresponsive
  • has trouble breathing
  • is bleeding severely
  • is convulsing (seizure)
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23
Q

the two situation in which calling ems depends on the skills of the responder, an athlete may be able to get a ride

A

athlete:

  • has possible head or spine injury
  • has suspected broken bones
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24
Q

when should injury evaluation begin

A

once life-threatening situation had been ruled out

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25
Q

In secondary survey, what does HOPS stand for

A

History
Observation
Palpation
Special tests

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26
Q

What does the SHARP abbreviation stand for and what stage of HOPS is it a part of

A 
Swelling
Heat
Altered Function
Redness
Pain

Part of Observation stage

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27
Q

The three main parts of bone

A

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
periosteum

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28
Q

What part of the bone has hyaline cartilage

A

epiphysis

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29
Q

What part of the bone contains blood vessels and osteoblasts

A

periosteum

30
Q

what are the 4 types of bones

A

flat
long
short
irregular

31
Q

what type of bone is most commonly injured

A

long bones

32
Q

bone diameter is increased with the activity of osteoclasts or osteoblasts

A

osteoblasts

33
Q

What happens during osteoporosis

A

bones lose thickness and become less resistant to force

34
Q

What is wolff’s law

A

every change in form and function is followed by changes in architectural design

35
Q

A bone will become more or less strong in the area where stress is applied

A

more

36
Q

the 6 types of bone fractures

A 
greenstick
comminuted
linear
transverse
oblique
spiral
37
Q

what type of fracture is common in hockey and skiing

A

spiral fracture

38
Q

types of bone injuries

A

stress fractures
avulsion fractures
epiphyseal conditions
Apophyseal injuries

39
Q

what type of bone injury is related to growth plates

A

epiphysial fractures

40
Q

what is an avulsion fracture

A

a bone fragment is separated from cortex via pull of ligament or tendon

41
Q

what do fibrous capsules do

A

provide support

42
Q

The 3 grades of sprain severity

A

Grade I: some pain with minimal loss of function
Grade II: pain, moderate loss of function, some tearing and separation of fibers
Grade III: Extreme pain, close to if not full disruption of fibers

43
Q

What is subluxation

A

synovial joint injury

partial dislocation causing incomplete seperation of two bones

44
Q

What is dislocation

A

synovial joint injury

at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment

45
Q

what is the only absolute diagnostic technique for dislocation and why is it important

A

X-ray

need to see if any bone fragments are present from possible avulsion fracture

46
Q

what are the static stabilizing structures of a joint

A

ligaments and joint capsules

47
Q

what are the dynamic stabilizing structures of a joint

A

muscles and related tendons

48
Q

what are the symptoms of bursitis

A

swelling
pain
some loss of function

49
Q

what structure has an extremely high yield point

A

tendons

50
Q

in what structure do tears typically occur in

A

muscles

51
Q

what is tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

52
Q

without proper healing, tendinitis can turn into _________.

A

Tendinosis

53
Q

what is the treatment for tendinitis vs tendinosis

A

tendinitis: rest, modified activity, anti inflammatory prescription, progressive overload strength program
tendinosis: stretching and strengthening

54
Q

what is tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial sheath

think of the pinched straw on a string

55
Q

what is crepitus

A

sticking of tendon due to accumulation of inflammatory by-products on irritated tissue

56
Q

contusions result from what kind of force

A

compression

57
Q

what causes hematoma

A

blood and lymph flowing into surrounding tissue following a contusion

58
Q

what is myositis ossificans

A

damage to the periosteum of the bone

59
Q

what is a possible prevention for contusions

A

proper protection and padding

60
Q

what are muscle cramps

A

painful involuntary skeletal muscle contractions when muscle is in shortened position

61
Q

what is muscle guarding

A

when muscles within an effected area contract to protect and limit the motion of the area in an effort to minimize pain following an injury

62
Q

what are the 3 potential secondary issues regarding muscle injury

A

muscle cramps
muscle guarding
muscle soreness

63
Q

what are the two typed of muscle soreness

A

acute onset muscle soreness

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

64
Q

what can you do to prevent muscle soreness

A

have a gradual build up of intensity

65
Q

what are the two primary mechanisms of nerve injury

A

compression and tension

66
Q

what is the most common form of nerve injury from acute trauma

A

neuropraxia

67
Q

neuropraxia is temporary or permanent loss of function

A

temporary

68
Q

Neuropraxia impacts sensory of motor function more

A

motor

69
Q

what are the three types of trauma that can cause neuropraxia

A

compressions, stretch or blunt trauma

70
Q

what network of nerves is commonly hyper-stretched as a result of acute trauma in contact sport

A

brachial plexus

KIN 240 (13 decks)

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