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Cell and Tissue Biology > Integument (Skin) > Flashcards

Integument (Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the integumentary system?

A

The skin and its appendages

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2
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A

Hair follicles and hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails, hypodermis

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4
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A

Sensory, thermoregulatory, metabolic, and sexual signaling

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5
Q

Cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

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6
Q

epidermis

What are keratinocytes?

A

Most abundant cell type in epidermis; produce keratin and form the epidermal water barrier, and produce Vitamin D

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7
Q

Skin is categorized as…

A

Thick or thin

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8
Q

Describe thick skin

A

Found in palms of hands and soles of feet
5 layers to epidermis
Subject to most abrasion, hairless

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9
Q

Describe thin skin

A

Found in all places other than palms of hands and soles of feet
4 layers to the epidermis
Most areas contain hair follicles

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10
Q

Name the layers (strata) of the epidermis

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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11
Q

epidermis

Stratum basale location and physical description

A

Single layer of mitotically active cells resting on the basement membrane

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12
Q

What happens to keratinocytes through the layers of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes undergo a terminal differentiation process (keratinization) then undergo apoptosis

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13
Q

epidermis

Stratum basale allows for…

A

epidermal renewal of new keratinocytes

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14
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Thickest layer of epidermis

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15
Q

epidermis

Describe the keratin in the stratum spinosum

A

Keratin is actively synthesizing
Keratinocytes exhibit cytoplasmic processes, or spines, which are attached to adjoining cell process by desmosomes

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16
Q

epidermis

What is the structure and location of the stratum granulosum?

A

Most superficial layer of still intact nucleated cells

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17
Q

epidermis

In the stratum granulosum, keratinocytes contain:

A

keratohyalin granules

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18
Q

Where is stratum lucidum found?

A

Epidermis of thick skin only

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19
Q

epidermis

Describe stratum lucidum

A

Translucent layer of flattened keratinocytes; nuclei and organelles become disrupted and disappear
Cytoplasm consists of packed keratin filaments

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20
Q

epidermis

Describe stratum corneum

A

Consists of any legate squamous cells (keratinocytes) filled with keratin filament
Extracellular layer of lipids provides a water barrier
Cells are continuously shed and replenished

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21
Q

epidermis

Function of keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin
Provide a water barrier
Produce Vitamin D

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22
Q

epidermis

Where are melanocytes?

A

Scattered among keratinocytes of the stratum basale
Extend long cytoplasmic processes between keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

23
Q

epidermis

Function of melanocytes

A

Produce and secrete pigment melanocytes

24
Q

epidermis

Function of melanin

A

Protects against mutagenic affects of UV radiation

25
Q

epidermis

Melanin accumulates in vessels called:

A

melanosomes

26
Q

What are Langerhans cells?
Where are they found?

A

Dendritic APCs derived from monocytes
Mostly found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

27
Q

epidermis

Function of Langerhans cells

A

Present antigens to T lymphocytes in nearby lymph nodes

28
Q

What are where are Merkel cells?

A

Associated with nerve ending and function as receptors for light touch and texture
Abundant in epidermis of highly sensitive skin

29
Q

What is the dermis?

A

A layer of connective tissue that supports the epidermis below the basement membrane, bound to the hypodermis

30
Q

What are dermal papillae?

A

Finger like projections of loose connective tissue into the undersurface of the epidermis (from the dermis)

31
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer and reticular layer

32
Q

dermis

What is the papillary layer?

A

Immediately under the epidermis containing dermal papillae
Contains loose connective tissue (type I collagen), reticular fibers (type III collagen), and elastic fibers

33
Q

dermis

What is the reticular layer?

A

Lies below papillary layer, much thicker
Dense irregular CT, and elastic fibers

34
Q

Name the sensory receptors of the skin

A

Meissners corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles

35
Q

Function of Meissners corpuscles

A

Fine, light touch receptors

36
Q

Where are Meissners corpuscles present?

A

Dermal papillae of dermis, most numerous in fingertips, palms, and soles

37
Q

Function of Pacinian corpuscles

A

Coarse touch, pressure, and vibration

38
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles present?

A

Deeper dermis and hypodermis especially in fingertips (also joints, periosteum, internal organs)

39
Q

Hairs are elongated keratinized structures that form within:

A

hair follicles

40
Q

What structure is important to sustain the hair follicle?

A

Dermal papillae

41
Q

hair

The base of the bulb is invaginated by…

A

a well vascularized tuft of loose Ct

42
Q

What is the hair root?

A

Portion of hair within the skin

43
Q

What forms the matrix of the elongating hair bulb?

A

Keratinocytes cover the dermal papillae

44
Q

The hair root consists of:

A

Inner medulla (less keratinized)
Cortex (more keratinized)
Thin outer cuticle (most keratinized squamous cells)

45
Q

Hair follicle consists of…

A

an outer connective tissue root sheath and an inner epithelial root sheath

46
Q

What is the hair shaft?

A

The external portion of the hair that extends above the epidermis

47
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete:

A

Sebum
Holocrine

48
Q

What is sebum?

A

An oily lipid substance that coats the hair and skin surface

49
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A

Cells accumulate product as they mature and enlarge, culminate in rupture of cell and release of products

50
Q

Where are sebaceous glands?

A

Scattered throughout skin but most associated with hair follicles

51
Q

What is the Arrector pili muscle?

A

Small bundle of smooth muscle attaches to the hair follicle near the sebaceous gland

52
Q

Function of arrector pili muscle

A

Twists hair follicle, elevating hair into goose bumps
Helps delivering sebum from the sebaceous gland into the hair follicle

53
Q

The pilosebaceous unit contains:

A

Hair follicle and its hair
Arrector pili
Sebaceous gland

Cell and Tissue Biology (5 decks)

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