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Jordan Bruscato > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Function 1 - Protection

A

The skin protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.

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2
Q

Function 2 - Sensory Function

A

The skin acts as a sense organ because the epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis contain specialized sensory nerve structures that detect touch, surface temperature, and pain.

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3
Q

Function 3 - Thermoregulation

A

The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses.

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4
Q

Function 4 - Vitamin D Synthesis

A

The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation. In the presence of sunlight, a form of vitamin D3 called cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin. Vitamin D is essential for normal absorption of calcium and phosphorous, which are required for healthy bones.

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5
Q

Main Organs

A

Hair, Skin, Nails

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6
Q

Keratinocyte

A

A cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin.

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7
Q

Keratin

A

An intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

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8
Q

Thick Skin

A

Layer 1-5

*only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

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9
Q

Thin Skin

A

Layers 1,3,4,5

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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10
Q

Three Layers of Skin

A

Epidermis, Demis, Hypodermis

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11
Q

5 layers of the epidermis - from superficial to deep

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum,
  5. stratum basale
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12
Q

Stratum corneum

A

The most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer exposed to the outside environment.

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13
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

A smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum.

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14
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum.

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15
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via a structure called a desmosome.

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16
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer (the base) and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina, below which lie the layers of the dermis.

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17
Q

Skin

A

Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous substances.

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18
Q

Epidermis

A

Provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

19
Q

Dermis

A

To support and protect the skin and deeper layers.

20
Q

Hypodermis

A

Provides the main structural support for the skin, as well as insulating the body from cold and aiding shock absorption.

21
Q

Hair

A

Provides warmth and keeps foreign matter out.

22
Q

Hair follicle

A

Serves as an anchor for the hair shaft and acts as a sensitive touch receptor.

23
Q

Hair shaft

A

Attach themselves to antigens that invade damaged skin and alert the immune system to their presence.

24
Q

Hair root

A

Provide the uptake of water and nutrients from the rhizosphere.

25
Q

Free edge (nail)

A

Protect the sensitive tips of fingers and toes.

26
Q

Lunula

A

Defining the free edge of the distal nail plate.

27
Q

Eponychium (cuticle)

A

Protect new nails from bacteria when they grow out from the nail root.

28
Q

Nail root

A

Produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.

29
Q

Pores

A

Allow sweat and oil to escape through your skin, cooling you off and keeping your skin healthy while getting rid of toxins.

30
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands

A

Continuously secrete a fatty sweat into the gland tubule.

31
Q

Eccrine Sweat Glands

A

Produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.

32
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells — a type of cell within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die off.
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin, though it can take other forms. Basal cell carcinoma occurs most often on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, such as your head and neck.

33
Q

Melanoma

A

A type of skin cancer that starts when melanocytes, which is the cell that produces melanin, starts to grow out of control.

34
Q

Eczema

A

A skin condition where your skin becomes itchy, bumpy, and red. Eczema is different for everyone, it can be caused by a weaker immune systems, stress, or environmental factors.

35
Q

Acne

A

Acne is a skin condition that happens when your hair follicles are clogged up with oil and dead skin cells. This causes white heads, black heads, or pimples appear.

36
Q

1st degree burns

A

Only involves the Epidermis. If you have a first degree burn your skin must be red and painful.

37
Q

2nd degree burns

A

Involves the outer layer of the skin and part of the inner layer of skin (epidermis and dermis).
Symptoms: blisters, deep redness, burn area may appear wet and shiny

38
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Destroys the epidermis and dermis. These burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles and tendons.
Symptoms: pus-filled pimples, redness
Treatments: skin graft

39
Q

4th degree burn

A

Burns go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue.

40
Q

Stretch marks

A

A type of scar

41
Q

Callus and Corns

A

Callus and corns are thick, hardened layers of skin that skin when your skin tries to protect itself from friction or pressure. They develop on the feet and toes or hands fingers.

42
Q

Squamous cell

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.

43
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • type of skin cancer that usually develops on the face or neck area
  • symptoms: growth of a sore that won’t heal, pearly-white
44
Q

Melanoma

A
  • a type of skin cancer that starts when melanocytes, the cell that produces melanin, grows out of control
  • symptoms: large mole looking spot, skin growth, pigment changes in spot

Jordan Bruscato (9 decks)

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